what is the term for particulate and electromagnetic rad with sufficient energy to remove orbital electrons from atoms
ionizing rad
true/ false
wavelenght determines the strength and penetrating power of the rad; the longer the wavelength the greater the strength and penetrating power of the rad.
T/T
true/ false
voltage measures the electric potential or force that moves electrons along a conductor
true
true/ false
increasing the force with which the electrons move will increase the penetrating potential of the x-ray
true
all of the followings are components of the dental x-ray tubehead except;
insulating gas, oil
step up transformer
aluminium filter disk
lead collimator plate
radioactive material
radioactive material
what percent of the kinetic energy inside the tube is actially conveted to x-rad
<1
production of xray energy when a high speed electron dislodges an inner shell electron,causing a rearrangement of outer shell electrons to fill the vacancy?
characteristic rad
terms refers to rad that is deflected in all difections by the cliends tissues
scatter
to get the greates increase in the amount of radiation produced in a .5second explosure, the operator must increase
ma
thet best image a bony impartion of a maxillary third molar, which should the operator increase
Kvp
PID lengths prodices an x-ray bean that is less divergent
16 inches
which Factors remaining constant an increase in film speed will
increase radgraphic density
which Factors remaining constant an decrease in exposure time will
decrease rad density
decreasing all of the following except one would result in decreased film density, which one is the exception
PID
exposure time
kvp
mA
developing tiem
PID
effect of rad damage to cells that occurs through the radiolysis of h2o
indirect
what is responsible for recording the image on a radiograph film
silver halide crystal
chemicals in fixing solution that functions to remove unexposed/underdevelop silver halide crystals from the emulsion
sodium thiosulfate
characteristics of electomagnetic rad, except one
some can ionize human tissues
include visible and ultraviolate light
trave in oscillating motion
include alpha and beta particles
energies vary in wavelength
include alpha and beta particles
anode electrode is
source of x-ray
step down transformer is responsible for all of the following except
supplies current to the cathode electrode
is operated by the mA switch
decreases electrical current
creates a potential difference
creates a potential difference
what is bremsstrahlung rad
x-ray photons generated as a result of particle interaction at or near the nucleus of target atoms
which is the most common method of altering film density
adjusting the kvp
collimation of the xray beam produces all of the followng outcomes exccept one.
increases intensity of xray beam
restricts size of xray beam
reduces exposure to pt
minimizes image magnification
improves image sharpness
increases intensity of xray beam
long scale contrast demostrates
broad range of densities on the processed radiograph
in the developer what is the func of the resucing agent hygroquinone
reaction provides the black tones and constrast of the image
identify the source of electrons used for the production of xray
tungsten filament
generation of x-rad
increase in density, the film appears darker
increasing the mA will cause
increase in density, the film appears darker
describe long scale contrast
also known as low constrast, seeing many shades of gray
a free radical
uncharged molecule
reactuve and unstable
combines with molecules to form toxins
increasing the time and ma setting on the exposure panel will
increase the quantity of rad
identify the most radiation sensitive pirtion of the cell
nucleus
inverted Y represents the intersection of the nasal cavity and the
maxillary sinus
manual processing, notice light whiter spots on the film, this errors is
fixer solution
water
too much vertical angulation, results
foreshortened
70 kvp or greater are required to operate with a minimun of
2.5 mm aluminum filtration
which of the followings is used to reduce the size and shape of the x-ray beam
lead diaphragm
from D to E speed film, the exposure time should be
halve
xrays are generated when a steam of electrons traveling from one side of an eray tube is suddenly stopped by its impact on the
tungsten targtet of the anode
which of the following reduce the number of low energy x ray (long wavelength) in the beam
aluminum filtration
image magnification results from decreased
target size
diameter of the useful beam at the end of the PDI should not exceed
2.75
radiographs left in fresh fixer for a long period of time
