pharm packet 2

fight or flight system

rest and restore system

period of altered brain function due to recurrent abnormal electrical impulses

ongoing seizures

used to help prevent seizures

drugs used to calm animals and reduce anxiety and aggression

drugs used to decrease irritability and excitement in animals

used to lessen anxiousness but do not cause drowsiness

serotonin regulates emotion, anxiety, agitation and sleep

work to increase availability of serotonin, used to treat separation anxiety and behavior problems

phenothiazine drugs

GI problems with sedative effect, antiemetic

Alpha-2 agonist drugs

Profound cardiovascular effects, cats will vomit, slows insulin resulting in hypergylcemia, sed and analgesic in minor surgeries

drugs used to provide pain relief

drugs typically used to treat moderate to severe pain

mu, kappa, delta, sigma, and epsilon

narcotic agonist uses

drugs that block the binding of opioids to their receptors

narcotic drugs

Demerol, less than 2 hr duration, less side effects than morphine, used for acute pain

butorphanol, mild pain, mild sedation, ANTITUSSIVE

buprenorphine, moderate pain, less vomiting and salivation, good with cats transmucosal

Ultram

naloxone

drugs used to produce loss of sensation, muscle relaxation and or loss of consciousness

affect CNS and produce loss of sensation with partial or complete loss of consciousness

block nerve transmission in the area of application and produce loss of sensation without loss of consciousness

inhalant anesthetic drug, metabolized by lungs not liver

drugs used to reverse CNS depression

euthanasia agents

process that can occur in the body in response to tissue damage

increase of body temperature above normal, helps fight disease by destroying foreign invaders

an unpleasant sensation that is usually associated with tissue damage

drug that prevents or reduces inflammation

drug that prevents or reduces fever

drug that prevents or reduces pain

chemical substance that triggers an inflammatory response

drug that inhibits the release of histamine

condition caused by treatment ordered by vet

4 groups of drugs to control inflammation

chemical substance produced in one part of the body that is transported to another part of the body where it influences and regulates cellular and organ activity

hormones produced in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

have an anti-inflammatory property, used to treat systemic disease such as cancer and Addison's and allergic responses

hypoadrenocorticism, too little steroids in the body

helps the body retain Na and H2O

itching, life-threatening allergy

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAIDS

more involved with stomach, will see GI irritation

more involved with inflammation

black, 'tarry' feces

when using NSAIDS do not administer _____ because they can affect the absorption of other drugs

use with caution in cats as very susceptible to overdose due to inability to metabolize rapidly

primarily used in horses (NSAID)

anti-inflammatory that is used as a carrier for other drugs, garlic taste in the mouth and skin irritation, penetrates skin (NSAID)

used in dogs and horses to promote healing of synovial membrane (NSAID)

used primarily for osteoarthritis to aid in maintaining cartilage structure and function (NSAID)

in dogs relieves inflammation and pain associated with degenerative joint disease (COX-2 NSAIDS) beefy taste

once a day dosing or in dogs an anti-inflammatory and analgesic for osteoarthritis (COX-2 NSAID)

used in dogs to treat pain and inflammation associated with orthropedic surgery and osteoarthritis (COX-2 NSAID)

dogs and cats used to treat pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and surgery and to reduce fever. Available in oral suspension (COX-2 NSAID)

dogs to treat acute and chronic pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and surgery, dissolvable tablets (COX-2 NSAIDS)

clinical uses for antihistamines

antihistamine, alergy pill and injectable

antihistamine

used to treat pain associated with muscle spasms and toxic injestions (cig butts)

act of vomiting

detects chemical changes and will respond by stimulating the activation of the vomiting center

neurotranmitter for the chemoreceptor trigger zone

neurotransmitter for the vomiting center

affect the vomiting center in the medulla of the brain (emetic drug)

action is induced in the stomach directly (emetic drug)

central acting emetic drug, morphine derivative to induce vomiting in dogs, administered in conjunctival sac

central acting emetic drug, used to induce vomiting in cats

used to induce vomiting, home remedy, local acting emetic

used to treat parvovirus enteritis, type of anti-emetic

inner ear abnormalities that cause balance problems

used to treat vomiting, GI diarrhea and motion sickness, phenothiazine

gets things moving through GI tract, do not use with obstructions, procainamide

motion sickness and vestibular disease

areas of mucosal erosion

promote the healing of ulcers by neutralizing HCl

work by blocking histamine receptors on cells that line the stomach which reduces gastric acid secretion

work by coating and protecting ulcers from stomach acid

work by surpressing gastric secretions and increasing mucus production

work by binding certain enzymes on the surface of stomach cells so that the cell cannot secrete HCl

binds with phosphorus so may also be useful in renal failure, antacid

more potent and fewer side effects that Zantac, histamine blocker

drug that decreases peristalsis of the GI tract

categories of drugs used to treat or prevent diarrhea

drugs that increase fluid content of feces that results in softened feces for easier passage

hold water in gastrointestinal tract to increase moisture content of stool

absorb water and expand to provide increased bulk and moisture content to stool

make stool slippery

reduce water tension of stool, allowing water to enter

irritation causes increased motility (bowel emptying)

GI stimulant categories

pancreatic enzyme supplements that are used to treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

weight loss drug

pastes, sprays, chews etc. with various active ingredients and flavors, should not be rinsed out

cleansing oral rinses

food that helps prevent tartar buildup

gel placed in periodontal pockets after dental cleansing that releases an antibiotic for several weeks

process of converting liquid medications into a spray that can be inhaled

short periods of noisy respiratory effort in drops

drug that decreases the viscosity of respiratory secretions

drug that decreases the viscosity of repiratory secretions

used for harsh, non-productive coughs in dogs, controlled substance

used to treat airway diseases in horses by relieving brochospasm and bronchoconstriction (equine inhaler) brochodilator drug

brochodilators used in repiratory and cardiac conditions, mild heart and respiratory muscle stimulus

used to treat inflammatory airway diseases in dogs, cats, and horses

used to treat repiratory depression or to stimulate respirations post-anesthesia, found on the crash cart