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Plants have the ability to
alter themselves in response to their environment
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Morphology
an external form
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Three basic organs in plants are
roots, stems, and leaves
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Plants organs are organized into two systems:
Root system and shoot system
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____ rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system
Roots
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______ rely on water and minerals absorbed by the root system
Shoots
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Roots rely on _________ produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system
sugar
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Shoots rely on _____ and ____ absorbed by the root system
Water and minerals
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Are roots multicellular or monocellular
Multicellular
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What are three important functions of roots?
- Anchoring the plant
- Absorbing minerals and water
- Storing organic nutrients
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A _____ system consists of one main vertical root that give rise to _______
taproot, lateral roots
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Lateral roots are also called ______
Branch roots
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Adventitious roots arise from _____ or ______
stem or leaves
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Seedless vascular plants and monocots have a ________ system
fibrous root
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A fibrous root system is characterized by:
thin lateral roots with no main root
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The absorption of water occurs near the ____
root tips
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Vast numbers of root hairs increase ______
the surface area near the root tips
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A stem consists of:
Nodes, internodes, auxillary buds, apical bud,
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A node is where:
The point where leaves are attached
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An internode is:
The stem segment between nodes
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Apical bud is also known as the _____
Terminal bud
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The apical bud is located ______ and it causes _____
near the shoot tip (apex), causes elongation of a young shoot
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____ has no axillary bud only ______
Roots, stems
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The ________ is the main phtosynthetic organ of most vascular plants
leaf
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Describe the petiole
The petiole is what joins the leaf to the node of the stem
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Most monocots have ______ veins
parallel
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Most eudicots have _______ veins
Branching
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The vascular tissue of leaves
Veins
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In nonwoody plants, the dermal tissue sytem consists of the ________
Epidermis
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A waxy coating called the ______ helps pevent water loss fromt the epidermis
Cuticle
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In woody plants, protective tissues called the _______ replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots.
Periderm
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The three plants tissues are:
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The _____________ carries out long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots
Vascular tissue system
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Two vascular tissues are:
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Which vascular tissue transport organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed?
Phloem
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Which vascular tissue conveys water and dissolbed minerals upwarf from roots into the shoots?
Xylem
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The vascular tissue of a stem or root is called the _______
Stele
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Tissues that are neither vascular nor dermal are called?
Ground tissue system
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The ground tissue includes cells specialized for:
Storage, photosynthesis, and support
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Ground tissue "internal" to the vascular tissue is called the _____
Pith
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Ground tissue "external" to the vascular tissue is called _____
Cortex
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KNOW MAJOR PLANT CELL & its function:
Parenchyma:
Thin flexible, perform metabollic function
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KNOW MAJOR PLANT CELL & its function:
Collenchyma:
Provide support
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KNOW MAJOR PLANT CELL & its function:
Sclerenchyma:
Thick wall, support the plants
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KNOW MAJOR PLANT CELL & its function:
(Water-conducting cells of) Xylem:
Conducts water and minerals
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KNOW MAJOR PLANT CELL & its function:
(Sugar-conducting cells of) Phleom
Photosynthesis
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A plant can grow throughout its life; this is called _________
Indeterminate growth
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When some plants organs cease to grow at a certain size; this is called _______?
A determinate growth
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__________ complete their life cycle in a year or less
Annuals
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_______ require two growing seasons
Biennials
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______ live for many years
Perennials
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_______ are perpetually embryonic tissue and all for indeterminate growth
Meristems
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Located at the tips of roots and shoots and at the axillary buds of shoots
Apical meristems
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Apical meristems elongate shoots and roots, a process called _____?
Primary growth
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Lateral meristems adds ______ to woody
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