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what type of joint is talocrural joint and what are its movements?
- hinge
- dorsiflexion, planatarflexion
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what type of joint is subtalar joint and what are its movements?
- plane
- inversion , eversion
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supination includes
- inversion of heel
- adduction forefoot
- plantarflexion
-
pronation includes
- eversion of heel
- abduction forefoot
- dorsiflexion
-
metatarsal arches
distal head of metatarsals
-
tansverse arches
across cuboid and cuneiforms
-
medial longitudinal arches
calcaneus to distal head of 1st metatarsal
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lateral longitudinal arches
calcaneus to distal head of 5th metatarsal
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1st degree sprain
- most common
- mild stretching of ligament
- mild pain
- ROM almost normal
- strength=80-100%
- speical/functional tests=normal
- RX: PIER
-
2nd degree sprain
- moderate tearing of ligament
- moderate pain
- tender over affected ligament
- special test=positive
- RX: PIER, crutches, aircast REFERRAL
-
3rd degree sprain
- complete ligament rupture
- severe pain
- speical test: positive
- RX: PIER, REFERRAL, brace, aircast, crutches, surgery?
-
1st degree strain
- ROM normal
- pain at end of ROM
- participation= judgement call
- Rx: PIER
-
2nd degree strain
- ROM decreased
- strength is decreased
- participation= not reccommended
- Rx: PIER, REFERRAL, crutches
-
3rd degree starin
- AROM/ strength: movement not created by involved muscle
- participation= definately not reccommended
- Rx; PIER, REFERRAL, immobalize, surgery
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what is location of bursitis
- retrocalcaneal
- subcutaneous
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what are signs of bursitis and how to protect it?
- red tender unable to wear footwear
- sofeten or change fotowear elevate heal
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whatare signs and symptoms of contusions and how can you react?
- pain weakness, hematoma, edema
- react by PIER
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what would be MOI for torn peroneal retinaculum?
direct blow, inversion sprasin, forceful dorsiflexion
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what are signs and symptoms of torn retinaculum and how can you react to this?
- snapping sensation, pain, anke instability, discoloration, edema
- can use PIER, balance training
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what is neuroma?
thickening or nerve tissue
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what are signs and symptoms of neuroma and how can you react to this?
- tingling, numbness, pain in foot
- can react by PIER, padding, orthotics, change footwear
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explain the pain grade( steps I-IV)
- I-occurs after activity
- II-occurs befroe and after activity but doesnt affect perfformance
- III- II, but does affect performance
- IV-severe pain, activity impossible
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medial tibial stress syndrome
- "shin splints"
- feel like falling
- stress fracture
- interosseous membrane irritation
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what is MOI of medial tibial stress syndrome, what are signs how can it be treated?
- MOI:weakness, imbalance, type of shoes, body weight
- s/s: inflammation, small hematoms, weakness
- treated: PIER,stretch, activity modification,ortthotics
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what is compartment compression syndrome and what is MOI?
- increase in tissue fluid pressure alters the circulation and finction of tissue within that compartment
- acute, chronic, recurrent
- MOI: mild trauma with bleeding, exercise
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what is MOI of acute CCS?
- fractures
- compression of nerves, muscle and vascular tissues
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tendinopathy
- overuse, repitition
- too much too soon
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MOI of tendinopathy
- • Tension applied quickly
- • Tension applied obliquely
- • Tension applied prior to blunt trauma
- • Maximal contractions
- • Forced dorsiflexion
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tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
-
tendinosis
- degeneration of tendon sturcture
- may rupture
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peritenditis
inflammation b/w peritendon sheath and tendon
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plantar fascitis
- acute- hyperextension to mp joint
- chronic- pronation, microtrauma to spring ligament
-
stress fracture
- sudden pain, lower 1/3 tibia
- participation affected
- xray positive 2 weeks later
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