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When was the abacus first used in computation?
2000 BC
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The Pascalene
Mechanical adding machine (taxes) � by Blaise Pascal in 1642 AD
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Staffelwalze
1671 AD, By Gottfried von Leibniz , more reliable adding machine that adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and calculates square roots, - he is co creator of calculus
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Analytical machine to perform calculations automatically. It is programmable; known as the father of computers. Machine was never actually completed because he ran out of funds.
1842 AD by Charles Babbage
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Census recording system that uses punched cards
Transformed calculations from years to months
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1890 AD: Herman Hollerith
- starts a company that later becomes IBM
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John atanasoff (1939)
Designs and builds first electronic digital computer ABC
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Ada of lovelace
Wrote programs for a nonexistent machine. She was a mathematician.
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1946 AD: Eckert and mauchly
- Design and build the ENIAC
- - electronic numberical and calculator
- - used vacuum tubes. They can do the switch to function
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John von Neumann
- proposes stored program architecture that bears his name.
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1951 � Eckert and mauchly
Build UNIVAC1
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1957 AD John Backus and his team
Complete the first compiler
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1958 IBM
7090 series introduced, first to use transistors
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Announces the 360, first to use integrated circuitry
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Develops the C programming language (Bell Labs)
- precursor of Java
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1975 AD
- - Altair, the first microcomputer
- And the Cray-1, the first supercomputer is announced
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1976 AD: DEC
- introduces its popular minipomter, the VAC 11/780
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1977 AD: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
Release the apply I on April Fool�s Day, and found Apple Computers
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1981 AD
IBM introduces its own PC
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1984 AD
Apple introduces the Macintosh
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1985 AD: Bjarne Stroustrop at Bell Labs
Develops the C++ programming language; the object oriented extension of C; precursor of Java
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1991 AD
Internet is commercialized
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1994:
Netscape Navigator 1.0 is released; the WWW takes over
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1995 AD
Sun releases Java 1.0; object-oriented programming takes off
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1997 AD
UNO CS department adopts java as object-oriented language support
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1998 AD
Google is founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page
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1998 AD
Apple introduces the iMac, which helps bring Apple back on the computer map
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1999 AD
Technology pundits predicted a total computer system collapse because of the Y2K bug. Almost no problems were encountered in the New Year.
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Computer literacy
- Awareness of impact of computers in today�s society
- Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
- Ability to use computers for relevant tasks
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What is a computer
- Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.
- - accepts data
- - processes data into information
- - produces and stores results
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Data
- collection of unprocessed items
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Information
Conveys meaning and is useful to people
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What is the information processing cycle
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- input
- - process
- -output
- - storage
- - communication
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What is an input device?
- hardware used to enter data and instruction
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What is an output device
- hardware that conveys information to one or more people
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What is the system unit
- case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
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What are two main components on the motherboard?
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Processor
- also called a CPU. The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
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Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
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What is storage
- holds data, instructions, and information for future use
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Storage media
- physical material on which data, instructions, and ifnromation are stored
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Storage device
- records and retrieves items to and from storage media
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What is a USB flash drive?
- - portable storage device
- - small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
- - the average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters
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What is a hard disk
- - provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive
- - most are housed inside the system unit
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What is a compact disc?
- Flat, round, portable metal disc
- - CD
- - DVD
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What is a communications device?
- - hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
- - occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media
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What are the advantages of using computers?
- - speed
- - reliability
- - consistency
- - storage
- - communications
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What are the disadvantages of using computers?
- - violation of privacy
- - public safety
- - impact on labor force
- - health risks
- - impact on environment
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What is a network?
- - collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly
- - used to share: resources, hardware devices, software programs, data, information, saves time and money.
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What is a server?
- - it controls access to resources on a network
- - clients, or workstations, request resources from the server
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What is the internet?
- worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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Why do users access the internet?
- - communications
- - research and information
- - Shopping
- Banking and investing
- Classes
- Entertainment
- Download music; share information
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What is the web?
- billions of documents, available to anyone connected to the internet
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Web pages
- billions of documents available to anyone connected to the internet
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Web site
Collection of related web pages
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Social networking web site or photo sharing community
- place you share information
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Podcast
Recorded audio stored on a website that can be downloaded
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Web page
- contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other web pages
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Blog
- consists of time-stamped articles in a journal formet
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Software
- consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it; aka program
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Graphical user interface (GUI)
- - allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons
- - controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information
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System software
- programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
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Operating system
A set of programs that coordinates all activities among coputer hardware devices
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