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Pheromones
A chemical that trigers a response from the same spices.
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Smell
Does not go thought the thalamus.
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Sensory adaption
Occurs where the sensory receptors grow accustomed to constant, unchanging levels of stimuli- sight, sound, or smell.
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Cones
are light-sensitive receptors cells that enable us to see color and fine detail in adequate light, but they do not function in very dim light.
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How many cones are in the eye?
6 million
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Rods
Are for seeing in very dim light. But do not detect color.
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How many rods are in the eye?
120 million
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Fovea
Is as small a period in a sentence, and provides the sharpest vision.
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Color Blindness
an inability to distinguish certain colors from one another. About 7% of males have it and fewer than 1% of females.
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Kinesthetic sence
provides information about the position of the body parts in relation to each other.
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Gestalt
To the whole form, pattern, or configuration that a person perceives.
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Synesthesia
To hear a color, or see a song- the capacity for responding to stimuli with both unusual perceptions and typical ones.
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Altered states of consciousness
Changes in awareness produced by sleep, meditation,hypnosis, or drugs.
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Why is sleep important
restoration of body and mind, helps with memory, and kids under 2 need to be in bed by 2-am because that when there growth hormones are released.
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Sleep cycles
There are four stages of NREM sleep before a period of REM. this cycles last between 90-100 min and can happen 3-4 times a night.
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Sleep deprivation
causes difficulty concentrating, lapses in attention, and general irritability also sleep loss is known to impair learning.
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Narcolepsy
uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep
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Insomnia
difficulty falling or staying asleep.
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Meditation
is a group of techniques that involve focusing attention on an object, a word, ones breathing, or body movements in an effort to block out all distractions.
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Hypnosis
the hypnotist uses the power of suggestion to induce changes in thoughts, feelings, sensations,perceptions, or behavior but the person that is hypnotized will not do anything that is contrary to there true moral beliefs.
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Psychoactive drugs
is any substance that alters mood, perception, or thought.
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Withdrawal symptoms
which are both physical and psychological, are usually the exact opposite of the effects produced by the drugs.
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What are the two main stimulants
Caffeine and Nicotine
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Tranquilizers and alcohol are what type of drugs
Depressants
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Alcohol Kills and injures how many people a year
Kills 200,000 injures 1.5 million
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Flavor
Is a combination of smell and taste with smell being the sense to produce flavor
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What sense converts energy twice
Hearing
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Transductioin
the sensory receptors grow convert the sensory stimulation into neural impulses, the electrochemical language of the brain.
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taste sensations
sweet,sour,salty, and bitter
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Touch sensations
Pleaser, pain, pressure, heat,cold,smooth, and texture
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Classical conditioning
A type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another.
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What is an Unconditioned response(UR) to food
Salivation
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What is an Unconditioned Stimulus(US) to eyeblink response.
air in eye
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Operant conditioning
The cat in the box- a type of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated so as to increase or decrease the frequency of an existing response or shape an entirely new response
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Positive reinforcement
an increase in behavior that results from any pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response.ATM
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Negative reinforcement
An increase in behavior that is brought about by the subtraction of something that is typically unpleasant.(take cough med to make coughing go away)
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Primary reinforcer
Is a reinforcer that fulfills a basic physical need for survival and does not depend on learning. Food, water, sleep, sex
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Second reinforcer
Is a reinforcer that is acquired or learned through association with other reinforcers. Money,praise,good grades, awards,applause,attention.
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Shaping
Consist of gradually molding a desired behavior.
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Insight
A sudden realization is solving a problem
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Observational learning
learning by imitation, results when people observe the behavior of others.
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SID's
Sudden death syndrome- have baby sleep on hard mattress and no fluffy things in there bed
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