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Erythrocytes, granular leukocytes and monocytes are all produced from
Progeny of stem cells
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What is the stem cell that all blood cells arise from
Pluripotential stem cell
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The two mother cells that the pluripotential stem cell gives rise to are
- Multipotential Myeloid stem cells
- Multipotential Lymphoid stem cells
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What are all the cells that arise from the myeloid stem cells
- Erythrocytes
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Megakaryocytes
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Everything but T, B, and plasma
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What blood cells arise from Lymphoid stem cells
- Lyphocytes (T cells or B cells)
- Plasma cells
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Blood precursur cells arise from where in development
The yolk sac mesoderm at week 3-4
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What are the first structures to provide support to the hematopoietic tissues during development
Liver and Spleen
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Bone marrow is considered what type of tissue
Connective tissue
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Where in the bone marrow does blood cell formation occur
In the medullary cavity of long bones and cavities of cancellous bones
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In new borns, what type of bone marrow do they have
Red only
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At around the age of 25 all of the red bone marrow is found where
Cancellous bone
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What are the two parts of bone marrow
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What substances interact with the cell receptors to bind cells to the stroma
- Laminin
- Fibronectin
- Hemonectin
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Stroma contains what in it
Reticular cells, hematopoeitic cells, macrophages, adipose cells, Coll. I, III, fibronectin, lamin, proteoglycans, and hemonectin
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What is the importance of reticular cells
They secrete reticular fibers containing type III coll. as well as cytokines that stimulate development of progenitor cells into blood cells
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Reticular cells are what type of cell
Fibroblasts
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Sinusoids are formed by
sinusoidal capillaries
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Where do the RBC's and WBC's leave to enter circulation
The sinusoidal cavities
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The cells that a Erythrocyte cycle into, to fully develop are
- Proerythroblast
- Basophilic Erythroblast
- Polychromatophillic Erythroblast
- Orthochromatophillic Erythroblast
- Reticulocyte
- Erythrocyte
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Proerythroblast is a developing erythrocyte in what stage with what distinguishing characteristics
- 1st stage
- Visible nucleoli
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Basophilic erythroblast is a developing erythrocyte in what stage with what distinguishing characteristics
- 2nd stage
- No visible nucleoli
- Basophilia caused by Polyribosomes
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Polychromatophilic erythroblast is a developing erythrocyte in what stage with what distinguishing characteristics
- 3rd stage
- Polyribosomes decreased (basophilic)
- Filled with hemoglobin (acidophilic)
- Basophilic and acidophilic
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Orthochromatophilic is a developing erythrocyte in what stage with what distinguishing characteristics
- 4th stage
- Condensing nucleus
- No basophilic
- Acidophilic
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When does the orthochromatophilic cell become a reticulocyte
When it expels its nucleus
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Nearly all erythrocytes are released into the blood stream from the bone marrow at what point
As soon as they are formed
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Mitosis occurs in what three stages of erythrocyte development
- The first three
- Proerythroblasts
- Basophilic Erythroblasts
- Polychromaphilic Erythroblasts
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When will the developing erythrocyte lose its mitochondria and ribosomes
Within a day or two of becoming a mature Erythrocyte
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Erythrocytes develop in the bone marrow on the surface of what cell
Nurse cell (macrophage) Which eats the nuclei discarded by the RBC's
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The number of RBC's in the blood is regulated by the
- Kidney, which releases erythropoietin (EPO)
- It responds to the oxygen level in the blood
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Why is Erythropoietin EPO a drug of choice for athletes
It increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the athlete
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EPO works of the surface receptors of what cells to trigger RBC development
CFU- Erythrocytes
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What are old RBC's removed by
Phagocytes in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
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A granulocyte and a non granulocyte are progentitors from the same mother cell, which
Monocytes and Neutrophils, the mother is a CFU- GM
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A myoloblast undergoes what change to form the granulocytes
- Myeloblast (3-5 nuclei)
- Promyelocyte (Azurophilic granules appear)
- Myelocyte (Specific Granules appear)
- Metamyelocyte (more specific granules appear)
- Band/Stab
- Mature Eosinophils, Neutrophils, or Basophils
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What granules are made first in the granulocytes
The non specific Azurophilic granules
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When there are a large number of immature cells in the blood, what does this indicate
That there is a bacterial infection, (a shift to the left)
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What is the only white blood cell stored in the bone marrow
Neutrophils, making it possible for them to proliferate quickly by secreting them into the blood stream from the marrow.
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What is Luekemia
Malignant clones of leukocyte precursurs. This is often manifest by large amounts of immature cells in the blood and a lack of others
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What are some of the symptoms of a leukemic patient
They are usually anemic and prone to infection
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What two cells share the same direct progenitor
Neutrophils and Monocytes
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Monocytopoiesis advances how
- Pluripotent stem cell
- Myeloid stem cell
- Neutrophil CFU
- Monocyte CFU
- Monocyte
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What do platelets arise from
Fragmentation of Megakaryocytopoiesis
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RBC's migrate into the sinusoids by
A pressure gradient that exists across the wall
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