feeds

Science of intake, digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and work

pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus

chemical element or compound required by animals to maintain live, grow, and reproduce

water, carbohydrates, protiens, fats, minerals, vitamins

solvent, transportation, temperature regulation, oxidation

organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a hydrogen to oxygen ratio of 2:1

based on monosacharide, simple sugars linked to make long chain

• pentoses- 5 carbon cho
• hexoses- 6 carbon cho
• arabinose
• xyelose

cho with 2 saccharides bound to each other

• sucrose- table sugar
• lactose- milk sugar
• maltose- malt sugar

cho conatining multiple # of 6 and or carbon sacchorides

starch,cellulose, hemicellulose

long chains of glucose connected by a alpha 1-4 bond, energy storage in plants,

biomolecules that catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reacions, produced in digestive tract to breakdown nutrients

• used as structural component of plant, low in grains, high in forages,
• long chains of glucose connected by beta 1-4 bonds

used as structural component of plant, polysaccharide composed of pentoses and hexoses

• main source of energy for farm animals, < 1% stored in body
• stored as glycogen
• interacts with other nutrients

• narurally occuring complex compounds containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and sometimes sulfer or phosphorus.
• made up of amino acids

• molecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a amine group and a carboxylic group
• mammals contain 15% protien, higher in meat producing animals,

• enzymes
• hormones
• connective tissue
• antibodies
• keratins

building blocks for protiens, sequence of amino acid in a protien defines what protien does.

covalent bond formed between 2 amino acids when the carboxyle group of 1 amino acid binds with teh amino amino group of the other amino acid

NH2

cooh

• amino acids that are synthesized by the body, thus there is not a dietary requirement for these.
• Glycine
• Alanine

• must be included in the diet, cant be built by animal
• Lysine
• Methionine

animal consumes protien, digestive tract breaks down protien into AA, animal absorbs AA from GIT, animal builds protien it needs from absorbed AA

• protien Production will stop when no longer have an AA that is required
• protien production is limited by the 1st AA that becomes limited
• ex: if require 10 AA-1 to make protien and have 25 AA-1 can make 2 protiens

• organic compounds containg carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, that are in soluble in water
• contain higher % of H than O

Fats, oils, waxes, fatty acids, and triglycerides

• structural components of membranes
• storage of metabolic fuel (energy)
• antioxidant

• Chains of Carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen
• -from 2 carbons up to 24 carbons in length
• -carboxyl group on 1 end
• -methyl group on other

saturated and unsaturated

• no double bonds between carbons
• all carbons have 2 H except on carboxyl end
• fully saturated with H
• animal fat high in saturated fatty acid

• atleast 1 double bond between 2 of carbons
• -mono- 1 double bond
• -poly- more than one double bond
• high in plants

chemical reaction where unsaturated double bonds are reduced by adding H to each of the 2 carbons

• animals tend to convert unsaturated fats to saturated fats
• saturation affects melting point
• -unsaturated tend to b liquid at room temp
• -saturated tend to b solid at room temp

• Linoleic acid- C18-2
• Linolenic acid-C18-3
• both must be included and absorbed from diet

• molecules that contain 1 glycerol and 3 FA
• -most common form of fats in animals and plants

• 1 of FA on triglyceride is replaced with phosphorus
• -critical in animal cell membranes
• -act as emulsifiers

• unsaturated FA
• Have double bond at 3rd C from Methyl end
• -Lindenic
• Good FA?

• unsaturated FA
• -have double bond at 6th C from methyl end
• Lindeic
• bad FA

inorganic compounds required in small amounts that are required for functions of life

• body structure
• protien synthesis
• oxygen transport
• fluid balance
• enzymes

• organic compounds that typically function as parts of enzyme systems essential for many metabolic functions
• - needed in very small amounts

• enzymatic reactions
• antioxidants

C and B

A,D,E, and K

• species
• body wieght
• age
• energy density of diet
• palatability