-
Aerobic Respiration steps and ATP released?
Glycolysis – glucose breakdown (2 ATP), Krebs Cycle (2 ATP), Oxidative phosphorylation (26-28 ATP). 30-32 ATP total per glucose molecule.
-
Active transport examples, details?
- Ca2+ pumps – Ca2+ binds to carrier protein in cytosol, carrier protein is phosphorylated by ATP -> ADP + Pi, carrier protein changes shape moving Ca2+ out of cell (where concentration is greater).
- Na+/K+ ATPase – pumps 3 Na+ out of cell and 2 K+ into cell simultaneously to generate gradients for electrical impulses in nerves and muscles AND drive co-transport of other substances across the membrane (glucose)
-
Structural classification of neurons w/ location.
- Multipolar (motor/association)
- Pseudounipolar (sensory)
- Bipolar (sensory in eyes/ears/nose)
-
Schwann's Cells
PNS - Forms myelin sheath (single axon)
-
Satellite Cells
PNS - Surrounds cell bodies in ganglia
-
Oligodendrocytes
CNS - Forms myelin sheath (mutiple axons)
-
Astrocytes
CNS - Varied functions, controls permeability of blood-brain barrier
-
Microglia
CNS - Act as macrophages
-
Ependymal Cells
CNS - Line brain ventricles/spinal cord cavities, creates CSF
-
Nicotinic ACh Receptors: Ionotropic/Metabotropic?
Ionotropic
-
Nicotinic ACh Receptors: Excitatory/Inhibitory?
Excitatory
-
Nicotinic ACh Receptors: Location?
Found in specific regions of brain, skeletal muscle cells, cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons in ganglia
-
Nicotinic ACh Receptors: Function?
Na+ in and K+ out simultaneously
-
Nicotinic ACh - Neurotransmitter removal?
ACh quickly broken down by acetyl cholinesterase which is embedded in the post-synaptic cell membrane
-
Muscarinic ACh receptors: Ionotropic/Metabotropic?
Metabotropic
-
Muscarinic ACh receptors: Excitatory/Inhibitory?
Excitatory in GI tract, inhibitory in heart
-
Muscarinic ACh receptors: Location?
CNS neurons, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
-
Muscarinic ACh receptors: Function?
G-Protein dissociates into separate subunits that activate enzymes/ion channels.
-
GABA receptors: Ionotropic/Metabotropic?
Ionotropic
-
GABA receptors: Excitatory/Inhibitory?
Inhibitory?
-
GABA receptors: Location?
CNS neurons
-
GABA receptors: Function?
Cl- into cell
-
Monoamine receptors: Ionotropic/Metabotropic?
Metabotropic
-
Monoamine receptors: Excitatory/Inhibitory?
Can be either, depending on the postsynaptic cell
-
Monoamine receptors: Function?
G-Protein dissociates into separate subunits that activate enzymes and produce second messengers that active addition enzymes that induce metabolic changes or change in membrane potential
-
Monoamine receptors: Neurotransmitter removal?
Monoamines generally taken back up by presynaptic cell then broken down by an enzyme inside the pre-synaptic axon terminal.
-
Name specific monoamines.
Seratonin, catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)
|
|
