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The belief that their beliefs and practices of their culture are best
Ethnocentrism
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Hostility towards a person or a particular ethnic group or person with a different skin color based only on a cultural belief.
Bias
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Primitive level, aimed at experiencing pleasure and avoiding pain
Id
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Experiences anxiety, functions to integrate and mediate between self and the rest of the environment.
Ego
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Moralistic censoring force. It develops
Superego
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An individual makes up for a deficiency in one area be excelling in or emphasizing another.
Compensation
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Emotional conflicts are turned into physical symptoms, which provides the individual with some sort of benefit (secondary gain)
Conversion
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Emotions are expressed toward someone or something other than the source of the emotion
Displacement
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Separation and detachment of emotional significance and affect from an idea or situation.
Dissociation
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Individual incorporates a characteristic (thought or behavior) of another individual or group.
Identification
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Attributing to other characteristics that the person does not want to admit to possessing. Blaming personal shortcomings on someone else
Projection
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Refers to an individuals ability to adjust to changing life situations using various strategies.
Adaption
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Refers t the external manifestation of inner feelings or emotions; it is often reflected by facial expression.
Affect
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A vague feeling of apprehension that results from a perceived threat to the self
Anxiety
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May be defined as the manner in which a person performs any or all of the activities of daily life
Behavior
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Is a time of change or turning point in life when patterns of living must be modified to prevent disorganization of the person or family.
Crisis
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Referred to as “third world” beliefs and practices, often called strange or weird. Treatment is carried out by performing rituals, repentance, or giving in to supernatural force’s wishes. Deals with supernatural, no basis in scientific fact
Folk health
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Religious experiences are based on cultural beliefs and may include such things as blessings from spiritual leaders, apparitions of dead relatives, and even miracle cures. Treatment is designed to restore balance with physical, social, and metaphysical worlds. Includes all aspects of care, spiritual, emotional, social, physical.
Holistic health
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a state of homeostatic imbalance
Illness
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a nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it
Stress
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Credited as the first psychiatric nurse in the 1880’s
Linda Richards
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Freud levels os awareness
person is aware and can control thoughts
Conscious
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Freud levels os awareness:
refers to thoughts , feelings, drives, and ideas that are outside of a persons awareness but can easily be recalled to awareness
Preconscious
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Freud levels os awareness:
The most significant level, it holds memories, feelings, and thoughts that are not available to the conscious mind
Unconscious
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Four distinct parts that influence behavior
- Body image- how you see your body not how others see your body
- Role- expectations of life
- Self esteem- how you feel about yourself
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Four levels of anxiety:
- Mild- slight increase in vitals, aware of danger, motivation is increased
- Moderate – tension increased in muscles, perception decreased, alert only to specific information, may argue, vitals increased, headache, diarrhea, low back pain
- Severe - fight or flight takes over, feeling like they are actually in danger
- Panic- Reality is distorted, immobilized with fear, terror
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Signs of anxiety
- Vocal changes
- Rapid speech
- Diaphoresis
- n/v
- increased vitals
- restlessness
- low back pain
- increase in vital signs
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Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant stage (Infants, 0 to 1 year)
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler stage. (Toddlers, 2 to 3 years)
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Initiative vs. Guilt
Kindergarten (Preschool, 4 to 6 years)
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Industry vs. Inferiority
Around age 6 to puberty (Childhood, 7 to 11 years)
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Identity vs. Role Confusion
(Adolescents, 12 to 19 years)
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
(Young Adults, 20 to 34 years)
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
(Middle Adulthood, 35 to 65 years)
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Ego Integrity vs. Despair
old age. (Seniors, 65 years onwards)
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Stages of the Nursing Process
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
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What are the goals of crisis intervention
1. Decrease emotional stress
2. Return client to pre-crisis status
3.Assist in organizing and mobilizing resources
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The nurse is assessing an individual's use if defense mechanisms. One of the parents has had a bad day at work and comes home and shouts at the children. This is an example of:
Displacement
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Regressive behavior is identified by the nurse when:
An 8 year old begins sucking his thumb and wetting the bed when hospitalized for the first time
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What are possible coping responces
- overeating
- smoking
- drinking
- yelling
- vulgarity
- pacing
- fighting
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The impklementation of cultrally appropriate nursing care
Transcultral Nursing
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When communicating with a patient who has a limited grasp of english, the nurse should:
Keep questions breif and simple
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In assisting a female patient who is Muslim American, the nurse anticipates her cultural needs during a physical examination by:
Covering body parts as much as possible
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Which religious grops believes that blood transfusions violate God's law?
Jehovah's Witness
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This group requires special intervention at the time of death be provided to the patient...
Easter orthodox
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The nurse notices that there are shared restrictions for patients who are Pentecostal, Church of the Nazarene, and Mormon faiths. The dietary restriction includes:
The uses of alcohol and tobacco
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The nurse anticipates that the older adult patient may be:
Resistant to attempts to change trusted home remedies
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One of Two groups that share primary characteristics but has different behaviors and ideas describes a:
Subcuture
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A boy small in stature places his emphasis on academics rather than attemping sports
Compensation
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A patient has suffered a myocardial infarction is told to restrict physical activity. Later the nurse find the client on the floor doing situps and push ups. Which defence mechanism is this an example of
Denial
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A teenager who dresses up as theri favorite rock star
Identification
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A student that does bad on an exam states that the test was unfair and the teacher didnt present the material correctly
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Questions a nurse should ask during the nursing process:
- Dietary practices
- Other languages that are spoken in the home
- What are some of your cultural practices
- How will your illness effect your family
- What do you think will clear up this problem
- Can you describe what is wrong
- Why do you think this has happened at this time
- Did this treatment help
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Generalizations, you have in your mind about what you think a person is like. preconceived notions
Sterotypes
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A group with specific values; beliefs, customs, practice. It’s learned values beliefs and customs shared by a group, and often gets passed down from generation to generation and can include specific ethnic groups. Learn socialization skills from birth societal expectations, languages, etc.
Culture
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share biological physical characteristics. Have different racial characteristics. What kinds of medical problems are associated with the race.
Race
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A nation, community, Groups of people that have the same standards. Ex: freedom of religion or, we are a democracy
Society
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Share common heritage/national origin. How you dress, what clothes you wear, what food you eat.
Ethnicity
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Awareness of cultural beliefs/ practices. Legal requirement of nurses to find out about their culture, be willing to ask and learn in regards to your client.
Cultural competence
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When assessing a patient from a different culture, the most important area to consider is
Language spoken
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What is a Nursing Diagnosis that is appropriate for a 35 year old Hispanic patient who does not sspeak english
Impaired verbal communication
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A nurse is caring for a patients who has anxiety attacks. The nurse know that the patients is experiencing a severe anxiety attack when:
The patient has a feeling of impending doom.
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The LPN is caring for an older adult who was admitted to the long term care facility 2 moths previously. Three weeks ago his son was killed in a car accident. The patient has been staying in his room and not attending meals or activities. the highest prioity nursing diagnosis for this patient is:
I
neffeecive coping related to the number of recent losses
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A patient who has just been sexually assaulted has come to the emergency department. The patient is very calm and quiet. The nurse identifies this behavior as which defensse mechanism:
Denial
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