-
What is the stimulator of gastrointestinal motility indicated to for reflux esophagitis and gastric motility disorders?
metoclopramide
-
prokinetic with broad spectrum of action, increases GIT motility including the colon and enhances the releases of acetylcholine and cholinergic neurotrasmission.
cisapride
-
Stimulator of GI motility that is more potent than metoclopramide but is indicated for the same uses.
cisapride
-
Used to treat diarrhea with infection, control diarrhea in calves and mild colic in horses
hyoscine
-
anticholinergic drugs?
1.
2.
3.
atropine, propantheline, hyoscine
-
opoid agonist which decrease GI motility and secretions
1.
2.
3.
morphine, fentanyl, meperidine
-
What inhibits acetylcholine release in GIT and depresses peristaltic reflex?
opioids
-
what increases tone of the sphincter cause movement through GI to slow down allowing more time for h2o absorption?
opioids
-
contra-indication is diarrhea due to an infection
opioids (prolong intestinal transit time)
-
active metabolite of diphenoxylate which can be used with atropine sulfate to reduce opioid abuse in humans
difenoxin
-
reduces excessive intestinal secretion and prolongs intestinal transit time
loperamide
-
Preferred anti-diarheal preparation in foals
paregoric
-
3 anti-diarrheal drugs used in cats
- propantheline
- loperamide
- bismuth subsalicylate
-
absorbs toxins and is a safe antidiarrheal drug to use in cats
bismuth subsalicylate
-
Whats absorbs E. coli enterotoxin
bismuth salts and activated charcoal
-
what drug needs to be followed with saline laxatives 30-45 minutes after activation
activated charcoal
-
what is a drug not affected by digestive enzymes and binds bile acids in the intestines. it is also insoluble in h2o
cholestyramine
-
Drug used to treat pruritis in patients with cholestasis and bile salt accumulation
cholestyramine
-
The eyelids, 3rd eyelid, conjuctiva, lacrimal gland, and the nasolacrimal gland are all part of what?
adenex
-
The highest concentration of zinc can be found here (according to Brownie)
eyelids and 3rd eyelid
-
what is the function of the aqueous humor?
nutritional and waste removal from cornea and lens and to maintain pressure
-
systemic MIC may not be applicable for ocular therapeutics because?
the ability to reach higher local drug levels
-
What two situations may cause ocular barriers to alter drug penetration
inflammation or breakdown of ocular barriers
-
What is the route of administration for some posterior segment diseases like glaucoma which CANNOT be removed?
intravitreal injection
-
This route of administration which may be difficult to treat patients but allow the drug levels to be sustained for days to weeks
sub-conjunctival injection
-
what paralyzes ciliary body muscles?
cycloplegics
-
name 2 parasympatholytics which dilate the eye
atropine and tropicamide
-
anticholinergic blockage of the iris sphincter and ciliary body muscles can be caused by what type of drugs?
parasympathlytics
-
Is atropine or tropicamide more potent?
atropine
-
what kind of drug constricts the pupil?
miotics
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