which are the glands of internal secretion, secrete hormones within the nervous system and maintain homeostasis?
endocrine glands
in the endocrine glands, how are hormones transported?
by blood or lymph
how do hormones act to control hormones of other glands? (2 ways)
directly and indirectly
name the 6 major endocrine glands
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
pancreas
adrenals
gonads
______ _______ is the master gland
anterior pituitary
the anterior pituitary regulates the ______ of hormones by other glands
output
how is the pituitary gland regulated?
by the hormones of other glands
when are hormones secreted?
as needed
T/F hormones of the reproductive system have no effect on the development and function of the individual
FALSE! they DO have an effect!
ages ___ - ___ is considered adolescence
10-21
early age of adolescence and puberty = ___-___
10-13
middle adolescence and puberty age is ___-___
14-17
late adolescence and puberty age = ___-___
18-21
_________ is a dynamic period of development and marked by rapid changes in body, size, shape, and composition
puberty
T/F males begin puberty before females
FALSE! females come first!
at what age do secondary sex characteristics for females appear? (___-___) For males? (___-___)
females = 10-13
males = 13-14
___-___ years is when changes during puberty are complete
3-4 long ugly years
what are the three health basics that teens need during physical development?
1. fuel
2. activity
3. rest
pituitary hormones control the hormones produced by the _____ and _____.
ovaries and testes
what are the hormones produced by ovaries called?
estrogens
what are the hormones produced by testes called?
androgen
what are responsible for the development of sex organs, accessory sex organs, and secondary sex characteristics? (hint: hormones)
estrogens and androgens
T/F hormones have strong physical, mental, and emotional influences on the body
TRUE!
for females, when is the accelerated growth spurt between?
ages 11-14
what are the 4 sex organs in the female development?
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
breasts
the growth of pubic hair, axillary hair, increased height, enlargement of pelvis, fat on the hips, and voice dropping 1-2 tones all suck, but they are considered the ____________ sex characteristics.
secondary
T/F menstruation may precede the first ovulation
true
during male development, what increases in size? (2) what begins?
increase in testes and scrotum
begin spermatogenesis
what are the male sex organs? (4)
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate
dont forget their penis (whether they are chinese or not, its still accounted for)!
growth of _____, _____, and _____ hair as well as voice deepening, are examples of secondary sex characteristics of males
facial, pubic, axillary
males increase in height, _____ volume, and _____.
muscle volume
mass
when is the male growth spurt stage?
between 12-16 years
what is the bridge between childhood and adulthood?
adolescence
when are nutritional requirements for males and females highest?
anytime for males
only for pregnancy in females (i beg to differ!)
what is the most common for boys and girls?
under nutrition (sad!)
boys usually have over ______ and poor ____ selection
over activity
poor food selection
girls have ______ food restriction, _____ food selection, and diets in the attempt to be _____.
voluntary food selection
poor food selection
thin
when do girls tend to have iron deficiency anemia?
teenage right after menstruation
how is iron deficiency treated?
with iron(man) supplements and changes in diet
when there is a teenager, would they most likely prefer to be treated as a child or adult?
adult
T/F teachers, coaches, and health professionals can have a powerful impact on teenagers
true
T/F since girls mature earlier than boys, they are usually taller. this may cause problems socially.
true and true
acne vulgaris results from over activity of __________ ________
sebaceous gland
dental caries incidence is higher during ____________, especially in areas without fl2 in water
adolescence
is it common for adolescence to have gingival problems
you bet your bottom dollar it is!
T/F clinical changes and hormonal changes can be related to increase biofilm
true
is induced gingivitis an exaggerated response to biofilm?
yes
what is a local factor that is a risk for periodontitis?
calculus
these are all examples of _________ _________ for __________
microorganisms
calc
untreated caries and defective restorations
ortho appliances
oral hygiene
infrequent, inadequate dental hygiene and care
socioeconomic influences
use of tobacco
systemic diseases (diabetes and hematological)
hose immune factors
genetic factors
risk factors for periodontitis
destructive perio is either _______ or ________
aggressive or chronic
loss of perio attachment and supporting bone is evident in 5-47% of _________ around the world
adolescents
what is LAP?
localized aggressive periodontitis
severe bone loss involving the permanent molars, incisors, proximal surface attachment loss on at least 2 permanent teeth is called:
localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP)
what is diagnosed during the circumpubertal years?
LAP
actinbaccilus actinmycetemcomitans is a _______ microorganism that can invade ________
powerful
tissue
what does GAP stand for?
no, not gay american people.....it is
generalized aggressive periodontitis!
generalized proximal surface attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than the first molars and incisors is called:
generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP)
this type of periodontitis occurs in people under 30 years of age
GAP (generalized aggressive periodontitis) only people under 30 shop at the GAP
microflora found in perio pockets of GAP have similaritites to the microflora of _______ _______ perio
