Hlth 130

Health is a state of complete physical, mental or social well-being and not merely the abseence of disease

Health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective living.

Health is the ability to perform certain valued social roles.

Disease is a relatively objective, pathologic phenomenon, whereas health and illness are subjective experiences.

Pre/mature death...signs, symptoms, disability. Awareness, education, growth High health wellness

Diease seen as the due to imbalance in the 4 circulating fluids. restore balance amoung the humors.

1 agent- 1 disease

body concieved as a machine. mind and body were seen as separate but linked through pinel gland.

The notion or requirement that more than one factor must be present for disease to develop, referred to as multiple causation. A basic tenet of epidemiology is that an ecological approch is necessary to explain the occurance of disease.

Has disease at center. Revolving include microbes, phenotype, genes, unknown factors, social orgainazation, enviroment, behavior, workplace

The fullfillment of societies interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy.

Mission not complete until GOAL HAS BEEN ACHIEVED.... implies there is a means to measure and evaluate success at achieving this national agenda, Healthy people 2010

• National pervention initiative.
• : identifies opportunities to improve Americans health

increase quality and years of healthy Life

Eliminate Health Disparities. within infant mortality, cancer screening, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV/Aids, childhood and adult immnizations

The study of the distribution and determinannts of disease and injury in human populations

Making inferences from a small group to a larger population.

Focus on the organization, access, quality, financing, affordability, types of services delivery, marketing

Natural enviroment: Air, Water, soil

Built enviroment: Public health institutions, schools, buisenesses

focus on the natural and built enviroment

Focuses on th efactors that shape and reinforce individual and collective behavior

• 1. epidemiology
• 2. Biostatistics
• 3. Health policy and administration
• 4. Enviromental health sciences
• 5. Social an behavioral sciences

" health is a multi dimentional concept"

we measure our success by the absence of symptoms

• 1.population Based
• 2. Evidence based
• 3 prevention
• 4. social justice

Total population : key health indicators- life expectancy, infant mortality, Top 10 causes of mortality

Sub population: person level factors- age, gender, religion(sociodemographics)

from center: innate individual traits: age, sex,race- individual behavior- social behavior, family and community networks-living and working conditions- broad social, economic, cultrul, health, and enviroment (over a life span)

• Public health: population
• community settings
• surveillence, education, intervention, research policy development, oversight
• epidemiology, biostatistics, public health policy and administation, enviromental science, behavioral science

• Medicine: Induvidual, research labs, Md offices, hospital, patient care/ rehabilitation, disease managemnent, organ systems, cellular
• Internal medicine, OBGYN, Pediatrics, cardiologist

• rigorous methods, objectivity
• evidence to inform policy and practice

Primary prevention: health screening, specific protection( immunization), enviromental control measures

Secondary prevention: screening, early diagnosis, minimizes disability

Tertiary prevention: Rehabilitation, min disability

Social justice is public healths founding principle eliminating disparities "assuring the condition"

Involves examination of how society is organized and how this organization affects the health status of the public

• social justice argues that public health is a public matter
• justice in society dictates fairness in distribution of benefits and burdens
• Must do more with tools accessable, overcome social and political barriers

"When everyone has the opportunity to attain their full health potential and no one is disadvantaged from acheiving this potential because of thier social position or other socially determined circumstances".

Differences in population health that can be traced to unequal economic and social conditions and are systemic and aviodable, thus are inharently unjust and un fair.

• immunization
• motor vehicle saftey
• workplace saftey
• control of infectious diseases
• declines in death from heart disease and stroke
• safer & healthier foods
• Healthier mothers & babies
• family planning
• Fluoridation of drinking water
• Tabacco as a health hazard

• resurgence of infectious disease
• Globalization drug resistance microbes, bioterrorism

• Past successes give to threats
• Industrialization, deforestion, global warming

• Challenge of understandig and altering behavior
• Behavioral pathogens, reformulation of risk

Continued emphasis on curative medicine

• The gap in health between" haves" and "have nots" has largely been ignored
• concentrating on race downplays the importance of SES

• 1. we are uncomfortable with the concept of class
• 2. class is dificult to define
• 3. SES or class exhibits a strong inverse relationship with health
• 4. Pathways expalining this relationship are less clear

employment brings prestige and income

Employment offers access to health care

• 1.Low income most important predictor of mortality
• 2. Inequitable distribution of income and wealth potent factor

• 1. education opens doors of opportunity
• 2. Key to economic and social advancement
• 3. instills values and understanding of health information

• Stress may be one of the most important mechanisms
• 1. lack of control
• 2. social isolation and anxiety
• 3.chronic physiologic arousal

Disease is a nonrandom occurance

• epi-upon
• demos- the people
• ology- study of

Collect data and analyze data. census,

Underlying cause of death.

• Compute rates
• Morbidity=diseases
• 1. incidence- the # of new cases of a disease (over a period of time)
• 2. Prevelence- The # of existing cases of a diseaes(at a point/ period of time)
• Mortality= Death
• Crude Death rate-# of deaths per year
• PMR-# of deaths from a specific cause/disease(over a period of time)

Discriptive Epidemiology and Anayltic epidemiology

Discriptive- examines the distribution of a disease in a population, and observing the basic features of its distribution in terms of person, place and time

Analytic Epidemiology- Testing specific hypothesis about the relationship of a disease to a hypothesized cause, by conducting an epidimiological study that relates the exposure of interest to the diesase of interest

• Determine the impact of disease in groups of people
• Detect changes in diesease occurance in groups of people
• measure relationships between exposure and disease
• evaluate the efficacy of health interventions and treatments

Cannot tell individual the cause of his or her disease

cannot prove a particular exposure caused an illness based on a single study

cannot provide crediable science without good measurement of exposure and disease