-
as a cell increases in size, its dna____
does not
-
the rate at which things enter and leave the cell depends on ___
surface area
-
surface area
- total area of cell membrane
- l*w*6
-
volume
- AMOUNT OF SPACE INSIDE
- l*w*h
-
cell division
process cell divides into 2 daughter cells
-
before cell division the cell __
replicates its dna,
-
asexual reproduction
faster, lack of diversity
-
sexual reproduction
longer, genteic diversity,
-
chromosomes
packages of dna
-
prok.
no nuclei, dna in cytoplasm
-
chromatin
complex of protein and chromosome
-
nucleosomes
dna and histone molecules form thick fibers
-
chromosomes make it possible to _____
seperate dna precisely
-
cell cycle
grows , prepares for division, divides
-
binary fission
cell diivsion in prok
-
-
-
-
-
m phase
mitosis, and cytokenisis. produces 2 daughter cells
-
-
cytokenisis
divides cytoplasm
-
prophase
longest, dna condenses, chromatin visible
-
centomere
attatch the duplicated chromosomes
-
chromatid
each strand in duplicated chromosome, sister chromatid
-
metaphase
shortest, chromosomes across center
-
anaphase
chromosomes split
-
cytokenisis occurs__
same time as telophase
-
cytokenisis in plant cells
cell plates form half way between the nuclei, develop into membranes which seperates into 2 cells
-
cyclin
regulates timing of the cell cycle
-
external regulators
direct to speed up or slow down
-
growth factors
stimulate growth, cause cells to slow or stop
-
apoptosis
- programmed cell death
- cell and chromatin shrink, membranes break off
-
cancer
cells cannot control growth
-
-
-
malignant
- cancerous tumors,
- destroy tissue, absorb other cells nutrients, block nerve connections
-
cancer treatments
- surgery
- radiation
- chemotherapy
-
chemo
may interfere with healthy cells
-
embryo
adult organism is gradually produced
-
differentiation
cell becomes specialized
-
totipotent
able to do anything, become any cell
-
blastocyst
hollow ball with a cluster of cells inside known as inner mass cells
-
pluripotent
- can be most types of cells,
- (inner mass cells)
- not tissue
-
stem cells
unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells are developed
-
embryonic stem cells
pluripotentcells in early embryo
-
adult stem cells
differentiate to renew and replace cells in the adult body
-
multipotent
can develop into many kinds of differentiated cells
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