Biology 121 Chp 8

Stands for adenosine triphosphate

these are energy carrier molecules

Begins the breakdown of glucose(6-carbon sugar) producing 2 pyruvates(3-carbon sugar)

Also makes two ATP molecules

with oxygen

without oxygen

the two pyruvate, produced from glycolysis, are broken down into 6 CO₂ molecules and 6 H₂O molecules

the last stage which produces an additional 34-36 ATP molecules for every 2 pyruvate molecules that enter the cycle.

Mitochondria which are specialized for aerobic breakdown of pyruvate.

Fermintation

pyruvate does not enter mitochondria like in cellular respiration

it instead remains in cytoplasm and is converted into either lactace, or into ethanol and CO₂

Stands for Adenosine diphosphate

it is made from a energy-depleted ATP because it has one less Phosphate group

• NAD- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• NADH- its NAD plus one H ion

these are high-energy electron-carriers

also called Krebs Cycle

With 2 acetal CoA molecules, it will produce: 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, 2 ATP