-
Innervation of the tongue
- Somatic Sensory: anterior 2/3 V3, posterior 1/3 IX, anterior to epiglottis X
- Special sensory: anterior 2/3 VII (facial/chorda tympani), posterior 1/3 IX, anterior to epiglottis X
-
Innervation of tongue
XII except palatoglossus (PG), which is X
-
innervation of muscles of mastication
masseter, temporalis, lateral/medial pterygoid: V3
-
Innervation and blood supply of salivary glands
- Submandibular gland: lingual artery, V3 lingual
- Sublingual: same
- Parotid: V3 (but they are parasymp preganglionics that travel by CN IX)
-
Soft palate innervation
- tensor veli palatini: V3
- levator veli palanti, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae: CN X
-
Pharyngeal walls and spaces
What is the danger space?
- Mucosa, submucosa, pharyngobasilar fascia, pharyngeal muscles, buccopharyngeal fascia, retropharyngeal fascia, alar fascia, prevertebral "danger" space, prevertebral fascia
- Prevertebral/danger space: leads to posterior mediastinum
-
Pharyngeal longitudinal and constrictor muscles
- Longitudinal: palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, salpingoparyngeus - help the pharynx shorten during 2nd phase of degluttion
- Constrictor: superior, middle, inferior - involuntary contraction for 3rd phase of swallowing
-
Pharyngeal wall gaps
- 1: covered by pharyngobasilar fascia (false gap)
- 2: stylopharyngeus muscle, IX, stylohyoid ligament
- 3: internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery/vein
- 4: recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior layngeal artery/vein
-
Pharyngeal plexus
- formed by IX, X, XI (via X) and sympathetic fibers
- branchiomotor fibers from CN IX aren't part of this plexus
-
Esophagus & constrictions
- C6-T11
- C6 pharyngoesophageal), T4/5 (aortobronchial), T10 (diaphragmatic)
- superior 1/3 striated, posterior 2/3 smooth muscle
-
anterior triangle and subtriangles
- anterior triangle: midline of neck, mandible, sternocleidomastoid
- smaller divisions: anterior/posterior belly of digastric, omohyoid muscle, hyoid bone
- submental, submandibular, muscular, carotid
-
Carotid sheath
- surrounds common carotid, internal jugular, vagus nerve
- consists of deep cervical fascia: investing, pretracheal, prevertebral
-
Submental triangle
- Boundaries: anterior bellies of digastric, hyoid bone, mylohyoid muscle
- Contents: submental lymph nodes, mylohyoid muscle, V3 (mylohyoid), tributaries to anterior jugular veins
- Only 1 submental triangle is present
-
Submandibular triangle
- Boundaries: mandible, anterior/posterior bellies of digastric, mylohyoid, hyoglossus, middle constrictor muscles form the floor
- Contents: submandibular gland, lymph nodes, mylohyoid nerve (V3), facial artery/vein, hypoglossal nerve (XII)
-
Muscular triangle
- Boundaries: midline, omohyoid muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Contents: infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohoid), thyroid and parathyroid glands, L/R recurrent laryngeal nerves, anterior jugular veins, larynx, trachea
-
Carotid triangle
- Boundaries: posterior belly of digastric, omohyoid, sternocleidomastoid
- Contents: carotid sheath, external carotid artery, superior laryngeal nerve, spinal accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, ansa cervicalis
-
Depression @ TMJ
lateral pterygoid (V3)
-
Elevation @ TMJ
- Medial pterygoid
- Masseter
- Temporalis (all V3)
-
Retrusion @ TMJ
Temporalis (posterior fibers)
-
Protrusion @ TMJ
- medial, lateral pterygoids
- masseter (all V3)
|
|
