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What is Keratin?
Keratin is a water-resistant protein found in the epidermis of the skin
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Name the parts of the reflex arc
- Sensory Receptor
- Sensory Neuron
- Reflex Center
- Motor Neuron
- Effector
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What does the Thalamus do?
It interprets sensory input as either pleasant or unpleasant (pain etc.)
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What is the cerebrum's function?
It houses the sensory, motor and integrational areas. I receives and sends out sensory impulses (think feeling hot/cold, sound, smell - voluntary control of muscles - abstract thinking, problem solving)
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What is a REALLY REALLY boring and uneventful part of the brain???
PONS
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What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?
It controls the heart rate and the respiratory centers that keep us breathing.
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
The cerebellum is responsible for maintenance of posture and balance and coordinating voluntary movements.
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Name the three meninges
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid
- Pia Mater
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Name the 12 Peripheral nerves.
- Olfactory Nerves
- Optic Nerve
- Oculomotor Nerve
- Trochlear Nerve
- Trigeminal Nerve
- Abducens Nerve
- Facial Nerve
- Auditory Nerve
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Vagus Nerve
- Accessory Nerve
- Hypoglossal Nerve
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Name the plexi:
- Cervical Plexus
- Brachial Plexus
- Lumbar Plexus
- Sacral Plexus
- Coccygeal Plexus
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Sympathetic Nervous System vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic nerves emerge from the Thoracic and Lumbar spinal nerves close to the vertebral column and Parasympathetic nerves emerge from cranial nerves and the sacral-spinal region NOT close to the vertebral column.
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Name the three digestive enzymes
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Name the three parts of the large intestine
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Name the three parts of the small intestine
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Name the 4 parts of the colon
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
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What is the gall bladder's function?
Its function is to store and concentrate the bile produced by the liver.
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What is the rhythmic contraction of the muscles in the alimentary canal called?
Peristalsis
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Which enzymes digest protein in the stomach?
Pepsin and Hydrochloric Acid.
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Name the two kinds of intestinal bacteria
- Putrefactive Bacteria (includes E.Coli, Salmonella)
- Fermantative Bacteria (lactic acid bacteria - includes Acidopholus and Bifidophilus)
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How is Cholesterol utilized in the body?
- It is converted into hormones such as cortisol
- It is converted into Vitamin D
- It helps to stabilize cell membranes
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Carbon Dioxide Levels
A sharp rise in normal Carbon Dioxide Levels activates the respiratory centers cuasing us to breathe deeply and rapidly. The reverse happens when Carbon Dioxide Levels fall - if they fall low enough we might have the urge to stop breathing all together.
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What is the function of the salivary glands?
- These glands secrete saliva.
- Saliva is 99.5 % water, the rest is salts, urea, uric acid, mucous and enzymes.
- One of the enzymes is AMYLASE, which begins the digestion of complex carbohydrates.
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What is the total lung capacity?
The total amount of air that both lungs can hold is approximately 6000ml which is known as the total lung capacity.
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What is the tidal volume?
The normal amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled in quiet breathing is about 500ml and it's called the tidal volume.
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What are the three types of body fluid?
Blood, lymph and tissue fluid
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What are the three types of tonsils?
- Pharyngeal
- Palatine
- Lingual
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What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
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Name 6 common neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine
- Endorphins
- Noradrenaline
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- GABA
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Progesterone
Stimulates ovulation, prepares the uterus to receive the egg and stimulates milk production.
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Estrogen
Stimulates the development of the external genitalia, also stimulates devolpment of the egg in the ovary, and stimulates contraction of the uterus.
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Testosterone
Responsible for developing male characteristics such as muscular development, trowth of body hair and deepening of the voice.
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Name the parts of the Integumentary System
- Skin
- Nails
- Oil Glands
- Sweat Glands
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What are the special senses?
- Sight
- Hearing
- Taste
- Smell
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What is the retina?
The part of the eye that is sensitive to light.
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What is the cochlea?
Auditory portion of the inner ear. Shaped like a snails shell.
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What are the three elements of blood?
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells
- Platelets
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What are the three phases of respiration?
- Respiration
- Ventilation (breathing)
- External Respiration
- Internal Respiration
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Name two types of proprioceptors
- Muscle Spindle Fibers
- Golgi Tendon Organs
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Which muscle does the phrenic nerve innervate?
Diaphragm
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Which muscle does the Axillary Nerve innervate?
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Which muscle does the Musculocutaneous Nerve innervate?
Anterior Brachium Muscles
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Which muscle does the Media Nerve innervate?
- Anterior forearm muscles
- Intrinsic hand muscles
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Which muscle does the Ulnar Nerve innervate?
- Medial anterior forearm muscles
- Intrinsic hand muscles
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Which muscles does the Radial Nerve innervate?
Posterior arm and posterior forearm muscles
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Which muscle does the Femoral Nerve innervate?
Anterior thigh muscles
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Which muslce does the Obturator Nerve innervate?
Medial thigh muscles
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Which muscles does the Sciatic Nerve innervate?
Posterior thigh muscles
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Which muscle does the Tibial Nerve innervate?
- Posterior leg muscles
- Intrinsic foot muscles
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Which muscle does the Superficial Peroneal Nerve innervate?
Lateral leg muscles
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Which muscle does teh Deep Peroneal Nerve innervate?
Anterior leg muscles
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