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consciousness
a state of awareness, including a person's feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions
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circadian rhythm
the rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting approximately 1 day
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insomnia
the failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day
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sleep apnea
a sleep disorder in which a person has trouble breathing while asleep
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narcolepsy
a condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day
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nightmares
unpleasant dreams
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night terrors
sleep disruptions that occur during stage IV sleep, involving screaming, panic, or confusion
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sleepwalking
walking or carrying out behaviors while asleep
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hypnosis
a state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestability
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posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion made during hypnosis that influences the participant's behavior afterward
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biofeedback
the process of learning to control bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be controlled
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meditation
the focusing of attention to clear one's mind and produce relaxation
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psychoactive drugs
chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered consciousness
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marijuana
the dried leaves and flowers of Indian hemp that produce an aletered state of consciousness when smoked or ingested
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hallucinations
perceptions that have no direct external cause
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hallucinogens
drugs that often produce hallucinations
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LSD
a potent psychedelic drug that produces distortions of perception and thought
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sensation
- occurs when a stimulus of one of your sense organs detects physical changes in energy
- heat
- light
- sounds
- pressure
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perception
organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences
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absolute threshold
the weakest amount of stimulus required to produce a sensation
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difference threshold
minimum amount of difference a person can detect between the 2 stimuli half of the time
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weber's law
the larger or stronger a stimulus, the larger the change required for a person to notice that anything has happened to it
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sensory adaptation
- we get used to a certain stimuli and only notice when it changes
- darkness
- noise
- smell
- clothing
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we don't just experoence single things, but rather
patterns as wholes
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figure-ground perception
you distinguish between the object you are looking at/listening to, separate from the background
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perceptual interference
based on prior knowledge we come to expect certain things, based on what we percieve
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perception is a learned art
it takes into account all of your experiences and creates a perceptual set through which you see the world
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subliminal perception
some people believe that your unconcious mind can pick up on things you don't realize you're percieving
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depth perception
- monocular depth cues
- binocular depth cues
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monocular ddepth cues
- relative height
- interposition
- light and shadows
- texture
- motion parallax
- linear perspective
- relative motion
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binocular depth cues
- convergence
- retinal disparity
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constancy
no matter what conditions you experience something under, you still regard it as the same and unchanging
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illusions
incorrect perceptions. Our prior experiences play with what we are currently perceiving
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ESP
- extra sensory perception. highly debated
- clairvoyance
- telepathy
- psychokinesis
- precognition
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