Biology: Cells

Structurally supports, imparts shape to cell; moves cell and its components. Contains microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Energy powerhouse; produces many ATP by aerobic respiration.

Special centers that produce and organize microtubules.

Selectively controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of cell; helps maintain cytoplasmic volume; composition.

Keeps DNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm. Is surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains nucleolus, and DNA in nucleoplasm.

(attached to rough ER and free in cytoplasm) Sites of protein synthesis.

Modifies new polypeptide chains; synthesizes lipids.

Diverse roles; e.g., makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins.

Modifies, sorts, ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes. Shipping Center.

Digests, recycles materials. Garbage man.

a structure in a cell that has an organized function

a membrane that allows some molecules through but not others; semipermeable

a cell's framework of protein filaments and tubules

organelle composed of a network of connected membranous tubules and vesicles

organelle that prepares and modifies cellular products for secretion

organelles housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration

organelle that contains digestive enzymes

membranous sacs abundant in liver and kidney cells that contain enzymes that catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions

a tiny rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm that provides structural support and movement

a minute, hollow rod constructed of mamy molecules of the protein tubulin

organelle consisting of two centrioles

microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells

motile, tail-like cellular structure such as on a sperm cell

membranous, cytoplasmic sacs formed by infoldings of the cell membrane

double-layered envelope that encloses the nucleus; consists of inner and outer lipid bi-layer membranes

a small, dense body in the cell nucleus composed largely of RNA and protein;

DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis

rodlike structures that condense from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis

random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration

a state of balance between opposing forces

diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of greater water concentration to an area of lesser water concentration

a solution with the same osmotic pressure as the solution with which it is compared

a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared

a solution with a greater osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared

movement of small molecules through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, while large molecules are restricted

fluid accumulation with tissue spaces

process that requires energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient

process by which a cell membrane envelopes a substance and draws it into a cell in a vesicle

transport of substances out of a cell in membrane-bound vesicles

process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings

process by which a cell engulfs and digests solids

receptors bind specific ligands and they are drawn into the cell

period between cell divisions when a cell metabolizes and prepares to divide

a form of cell division that produces two somatic cells with identical chromosome numbers as the original somatic cell

division of the cytoplasm

stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible

stage in mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

stage of mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

stage in mitosis when newly formed cells seperate

cell specialization

an undifferentiated cell that can divide to yield two daughter stem cells, or a stem cell and a progenitor cell

daughter cell of a stem cell that is partially specialized

programmed cell death