Cross Sectional-Neck

A FUNNEL SHAPED MUSCULAR TUBE THAT ACTS AS AN OPENING FOR BOTH THE RESPIRATIORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS, THE PHARYNX CONSISTS OF THREE MAIN DIVISIONS: NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX AND LARYNGOPHARYNX

THE MOST SUPERIOR PORTION OF THE PHARYNX, THE NASOPHARYNX ALLOWS AIR TO PASS FROM THE NASAL CAVITY TO THE TRACHEA. IT IS BORDERED INFERIORLY BY THE SOFT PALATE AND EXTENDS DOWN TO THE UVULA. THE PHARYNGEAL TONSILS ARE LOCATED IN THE ROOF OF THE NASOPHARYNX.

EXTENDS FROM THE SOFT PALATE TO THE HYOID BONE. THE PALATINE AND LINGUAL TONSILS ARE LOCATED HERE

NARROW, CONTINUES FROM THE OROPHARYNX AND LIES BTWN THE HYOID BONE AND THE ENTRANCE TO THE LARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS. IT CONTINUES AS THE ESOPHAGUS AT THE LEVEL OF THE CRICOID CARTILAGE OF THE LARYNX

HORSE-SHOE SHAPED, LIES IN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE NECK, JUST SUPERIOR TO THE THYROID CARTILAGE

DEPRESSIONS INFERIOR TO THE TOUNGE

MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY PATHWAY. IDENTIFIABLE CARTILAGES ARE THE THYROID, EPIGLOTTIS, CRICOID AND ARYTENOID. THE INNER STRUCTURES INCLUDE THE TRUE AND FALSE VOCAL CORDS, ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLDS AND PIRIFORM SINUSES (TWO PEAR SHAPED CAVITIES)

LARGEST AND MOST SUPERIOR OF THE LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES. CONSISTS OF A RT AND LT LAMINA, WHICH UNITE ANTERIORLY TO FOR A SHIELD TO PROTECT THE VOCAL CORDS

ELASTIC, ALLOWS FOR MOVEMENT. FOLDS BACK OVER LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING, PREVENTING ENTRY OF LIQUIDS OR SOLID FOOD INTO THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS

PAIRED, SHAPED LIKE PYRAMIDS AND SITUATED AT THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE LARYNX JUST ON TOP OF THE CRICOID CARTILAGE

ARTICULATES WITH SUPERIOR SURFACE OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGE. SMALL AND HORN SHAPED. INVOLVED IN OPENING AND CLOSING OF GLOTTIS FOR PRODUCTION OF SOUND

SMALL AND CURVE SHAPED. LIE WITHIN FOLDS OF ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLDS THAT EXTEND BETWEEN LATERAL ASPECT OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGE AND EPIGLOTTIS

A COMPLETE RING THAT FORMS THE BASE OF THE LARYNX ON WHICH THE OTHER CARTILAGES REST. MARKS THE JUNCTION BTWN THE LARYNX AND TRACHEA AND BEGINNING OF ESOPHAGUS

SUPERIOR PAIR - VESTIBULAR FOLDS (FALSE)

INFERIOR PAIR - TRUE CORDS

OPENING BETWEEN THE TRUE CORDS IN A RELAXED POSITION IS THE GLOTTIS

MUSCULAR TUBE THAT EXTENDS DOWN TO CARDIAC ORIFICE OF STOMACH BETWEEN THE TRACHEA AND ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

REINFORCED BY MANY C SHAPED PIECES OF CARTILAGE, BIFURCATES INTO THE RT AND LT MAINSTEM BRONCHI AT CARINA

LARGEST SALIVARY GLANDS, LOCATED BETWEEN THE RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE AND THE STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

SALIVARY GLANDS THAT EXTEND FROM THE ANGLE OF MANDIBLE TO THE LEVEL OF THE HYOID BONE

SMALLEST OF SALIVARY GLANDS, LIE UNDER THE TOUNGE

ENDOCRINE GLAND, LOCATED AT LEVEL OF CRICOID CARTILAGE. PRODUCES HORMONES THAT REGULATE METABOLIC RATE. PARATHYROID GLANDS ARE LOCATED ON POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LOBES

NODES ARE GROUPED ALONG THE LOWER BORDER OF THE JAW, IN FRONT AND BEHIND EARS, AND DEEP IN NECK ALONG LARGE BLOOD VESSELS

SUP, MID, AND INF OVERLAPPING CONSTRICTOR MUSCLES THAT CONSTRICT PHARYNX AND INDUCE PERISTALTIC WAVES

STYLOPHARYNGEUS, PALATOPHARYNGEUS, AND SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS... INVOLVED WITH ELEVATING THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING AND SPEAKING

GENIOGLOSSUS, HYOGLOSSUS, STYLOGLOSSUS AND PALATOGLOSSUS... RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGING POSITION OF THE TOUNGE

• ARYEPIGLOTTIC
• ARYTENOID
• THROARYTENOID

• ARYTENOIDS
• POSTERIOR AND LATERAL CRICOARYTENOIDS
• VOCALIS

BROAD, STRAP LIKE. ORIGINATES ON STERNUM AND CLAVICLE AND INSERTS ON THE MASTOID TIP OF THE TEMPORAL BONE. TURNS THE HEAD FROM SIDE TO SIDE AND FLEXES NECK. CAN BE USED TO DIVIDE NECK INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TRIANGLES

AKA MUSCLES OF THE THROAT, CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SUPRAHYOID AND INFRAHYOID

• TRAPEZIUS
• SPLENIUS CAPITIS
• LEVATOR SCAPULAE
• ANT, MID, POST SCALENE MUSCLES

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE, LOCATED ON POSTERIOR PORTION OF THE NECK, ELEVATES THE SCAPULA

LOCATED ANTERIOR TO THE TRAPEZIUS, EXTENDS THE HEAD

POSTEROLATERAL PORTION OF NECK, RAISES SCAPULA

ANTEROLATERAL PORTION OF NECK, DIVIDED INTO ANT, MID, POST. AID IN FLEXION OF NECK

COVERS THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE NECK. COMPRESSION OF THIS MUSCLE CAUSES DEPRESSION OF MANDIBLE AND CREATES RIDGES IN THE NECK. ELEVATES THE UPPER TWO RIBS AND FLEXES NECK

• RT ARISES FROM BRACHIOCEPALIC ARTERY
• LT ARISES FROM THE AORTIC ARCH
• BIFURCATE INTO THE INT & EXT CAROTIDS
• INT SUPPLIES BRAIN
• EXT SUPPLIES FACE

• BEGIN AS A BRANCH OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
• ASCEND THE NECK THROUGH THE TRANSVERSE FORAMINA OF C6-C1

RUN POSTERIOR TO THE INT CAROTID ARTERY

COMMENCE AT THE JUGULAR FORAMEN IN THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA AND DESCEND THE LATERAL PORTION OF THE NECK TO UNITE WITH THE SUBCLAVIAN VEIN TO FORM BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN

DRAINS BLOOD FROM THE LATERAL REGION OF THE FACE AND CONTINUES AS THE EXT JUGULAR VEIN (JUST BENEATH THE SKIN, EMPTY INTO SUBCLAVIAN VEIN) THE ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN ALSO ENTERS THE EXT JUGULAR VEIN

A COMPARTMENT COMPOSED OF CERVICAL FASCIA, ENCLOSES THE COMMON AND INT CAROTID ARTERIES, INT JUGULAR VEINS, LYMPH NODES, VAGUS NERVE