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Defenses against any pathogen.
Innate Immunity (non-specific)
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Specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen; developed during the lifespan:
Adaptive Immunity (specific)
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___ observed immunity in chickens injected with weakened pathogens.
Pasteur
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__ ___ received the Nobel Prize for development of antitoxin.
Von Behring
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___ work led to the identification of antibodies in serum.
Ehrlich’s
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A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells:
Antigen (Ag)
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Proteins made in response to an Ag; can combine with that Ag.
Antibody (Ab)
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Serum proteins that bind to Ab in an Ag–Ab reaction; cause cell lysis.
Complement
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Infants get their ___ immunity from breast milk.
adaptive
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___ immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells.
Humoral
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_ __ recognize antigens by antibodies on their surfaces.
B cells
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HumorAl has an "A" in it which you could use to remember ___ – antiBodies has a "B" in it which you can link to __ cells or ___ ___.
antibodies / B / bone marrow
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Cell-mediated immunity involves __ cells.
T
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T cells recognize ___ by TCRs on their surfaces.
antigens
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The study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
Serology
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The generic term for serum because it contains Ab.
Antiserum
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Antibodies
Immunoglobulins
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Serum fraction containing Ab.
Gamma globulin
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___ recognize and react with antigenic determinants or epitopes on an antigen.
Antibodies
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Antibodies tend to work in ___.
pairs
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A substance of low molecular weight that does not cause the formation of antibodies by itself but does so when combined with a carrier molecule.
Hapten
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-% of total serum antibody: 80%
-Fix complement
-In blood lymph and intestine
-Cross placenta
-Half-life = 23 days
IgG
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-% of total serum antibody: 5-10%
-Fix complement
-In blood, lymph, and on B cells
-Does not cross placenta
-Half-life = 5 days
IgM
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-% of total serum antibody: 10-15%
-No fix complement
-In secretions
-Does not cross placenta
-Half-life = 6 days
IgA
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-% of total serum antibody: 0.2
-No fix complement
-In blood, lymph, and on B cells
-Does not cross placenta
-Half-life = 3 days
IgD
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-% of total serum antibody: 0.002
-No fix complement
-On mast cells, basophils and in blood
-Does not cross placenta
-Half-life = 2 days
IgE
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What is the function of the IgG antibody?
Enhances phagocytosis; neutralizes toxins and viruses; protects fetus and newborns
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What is the function of the IgM antibody?
gglutinates microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection which is helpful in diagnosis of an infection.
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What is the function of the IgA antibody?
Mucosal protection
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What is the function of the IgD antibody?
On B cells, initiate immune response
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What is the function of the IgE antibody?
Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms; EOSINOPHILS!
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The natural programmed death of a cell; the residual fragments are disposed of by phagocytosis:
Apoptosis
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Auto-immune diseases can develop when there is an issue with ___ ___.
clonal deletion
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The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens:
Clonal deletion
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The strength of the bond between an antigen and an antibody is called ___.
affinity
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Antibody recognizes a specific epitope:
Specificity
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Naturally acquired active imunity results from ___.
infection
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Naturally acquired passive immunity is transferred ___ ___ or thru ___.
cross placenta / colostrum
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Artificially acquired active immunity results from an ___.
immunization
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