endocrinology

endocrine gland function

exocrine gland

Hypothalamus location

Its cells also receive messages from the autonomic nervous system to detect blood pressure, blood glucose level and share information with the central nervous system

its hormones stimulate the secretion of pituitary hormones that effect even another endocrine gland

This gland responds
to impulses from the autonomic nervous system by releasing hormones such as
Growth hormone releasing and inhibiting.
- Corticotropin releasing hormone.
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone.
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone
- Prolactin inhibiting and releasing hormone

This gland known as the “master gland,” is divided into the posterior and anterior lobes

the posterior pituitary lobe responds
to nerve impulses from the _____
the anterior responds to

the posterior pituitary lobe produces this hormone which causes water retention and also this other hormone which causes uterine contraction and lactation

these hormones produced by
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone – targets the adrenal cortexes
-Thyroid stimulating hormone – targets the thyroid
-Follicle stimulating hormone – targets gonads and sex organs
-Luteinizing hormone – targets gonads
-Prolactin – targets mammary glands of women
-Growth hormone – targets almost all cells in body

This gland releases hormones to increase the rate of cell metabolism.

these hormones are associated with
Thyroxine – stimulates cell metabolism
Triiodothyronine – stimulates cell metabolism
Calcitonin – lowers blood calcium levels

These glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. Blood calcium levels are increased

pancreas endocrine and exocrine functions

These glands aid in the body’s reaction to stress and danger

the adrenal gland is divided into 2 divisions

This gland is responsible for the release of the melatonin hormone which plays a role in controlling the reproductive biological clock. may also effect a persons mood

Type 1 diabetes. IDDM

Type II diabetes NIDDM

The first signs of diabetic ketoacidosis include
diuresis causing:

complication associated with Type II DM where both insulin and glucagon activity are present.

seizure that occurs when brain cells are not functioning normally due to low blood glucose

excessive secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in an increased metabolic rate

usually caused by Graves Disease, condition that reflects prolonged exposure to excess thyroid hormones with resultant changes in body structure and function.

inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in a decreased metabolic rate

condition that reflects long-term exposure to inadequate levels of thyroid hormones with resultant changes in body structure and function

puffy face and skin that looks doughy are symptoms of this condition

insulin shock reflects high insulin and low blood glucose

endocrine disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones resulting in body changes associated with increased metabolism; primary cause of
thyrotoxicosis

aka thyroid strom - toxic, life threatening emergency that can be fatal within as few as 48 hours in untreated. characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism

life threatening condition associated with advanced myxedema, with profound hypothermia, bradycardia, and electrolyte imbalance.

condition resulting from excess adrenocortical hormones. symptoms may include changes body habitus, hypertension, vulnerability to infection.

endocrine disorder characterzed by adrenocortical insufficiency. symptoms include weakness, fatigue, weight loss, weight loss, hyperpigmentation
of skin and mucous membranes.

form of shock associated with adrenocortical insufficiency and characterized by profound hypotension and electrolyte imbalance

signs and symptoms of this condition include agitation, emotional changeability, insomia, poor heat tolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite. new onset A-fib, protusion of eye balls, goiter

signs and symptoms include increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. high fever 106 degrees

condition AKA hyperadrenalism

condition presenting with moon faced appearance, buffalo hump

adrenal insufficiency, cortical destruction. condition called

hormone that drives and increase in blood glucose

complex carbo that is source of much of the blood glucose produced between meals. stored in liver

breakdown of glygogen to glucose, primarily by liver cells

conversion of protein and fat to form glucose.
New glucose molecules are synthesized from nonsugar sources through this process.

Glucocorticoid where 95% of adrenocortical hormome production is

most important mineralocorticoid that contributes salt and fluid balance in the body by regulating sodium and potassium excretion through the kidneys

endocrine glands chiefly responsible for sexual maturation of puberty and reproduction

when sympathetic nerves carry an impulse in the adrenal medulla, its cells respond by secreting _____

steroidal homones secreted by

kidneys have some endocrine function. kidney cells that will react to a decrease in blood volume or pressure by releasing the enzyme

dominant hormone when blood glucose level is
high

dominant hormone when blood glucose level is low

major effects of insulin on target tissues 2

compounds produced during the catabolism of fatty acids, including acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyric acidm, and acetone.

the presence of significant quantities o ketone
bodies in the blood.

deficeincy of blood glucose AKA insulin shock

excessive blood glucose

greatly increased urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be reabsorbed ino the blood from the kedney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucos in the tubules also prvents water
reabsorbtion

formation and secretion of large amounts of urine

glucose in urine, which occurs when blood glucose levels exceed the the kidney's ability to reabsorb glucose

excessive thirst

eating too much, excessive hunger

complication that occurs when there is a profound insulin deficeincy coupled with increased glucagon activity.

common causes of this include/
- excessive administration of insulin
- excess insulin for dietary intake
- overexertion, resulting in lowered blood glucose levels

common causes of this include:
- stress such as infection or stroke producing hyperglycemia and a noncompensated diuresis, modualated by both insulin and glucagon activity

common causes of this include;
-cessation of insulin injections
-stress such as infection or surgery that releases catecholemines potentiating glucagon effiects and blocking insulin effects.