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Other than the Muslims, who else did Charles V oppose?
The Lutherans
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What did Charles V unwillingly sign in 1555? What did it do?
The Peace of Augsburg, which allowed German princes to choose the religion for their territory.
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What did Charles V do in 1556?
He divide his immense empire and retired to a monastery.
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What parts of his empire did he leave to his brother, Ferdinand?
He left Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.
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What part of his empire did Charles V leave to his son Philip II?
He left Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies to Philip.
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What was the quote Philip II's court historian used to describe him? Why did he use this quote?
"His smile and his dagger were very close". He was shy, serious, deeply religious, deeply supicious and trusted no one for long.
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In 1580, Philip II's uncle, who was a king, died without a heir to his throne. Since Philip was his nephew, what did Philip inherit? Where all was this kingdom located?
He inherited the Portuguese kingdom. The kingdom was located in Africa, India, and the East Indies (meaning he had an empire that circled the globe).
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What were the religious wars called that Europe was going through when Philip II assumed his throne?
The Reformation
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What was the campaign to drive the Muslims out of Spain called?
The Reconquista
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What did Ferdinand and Isabella use to investigate suspected heretics and nonbelievers of Christianity?
The Inquistion
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What was one of the main causes for the weakness of the Spanish economy?
Severe inflation (Triggered in part by the flood of gold and silver from the New World, the Spanish economy suffered severe inflation. This contributed to a long-term economic decline in Spain.)
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One strategy Louis XIV used to maintain his power was what?
Weakening the nobility. (To limit the power of the nobility, Louis XIV increased the power of government agents and excluded nobles from his councils. He also required the nobles to live with him at the palace, which kept them out of local politics.)
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What was the most important result of the Thirty Years’ War?
The modern state system.
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What marked the beginning of the modern state system?
The Peace of Westphalia which recognized Europe as a group of independent states that negotiated for themselves on an equal footing.
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Why did Peter the Great increase his powers as an absolute ruler?
to advance his program of westernization
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England became a constitutional monarchy as a result of what?
The Glorious Revolution
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