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The ability to cause disease.
Pathogenicity
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The extent of pathogenicity.
Virulence
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3 portals of entry for pathogens:
- 1-Skin (hair follicles, sweat glands, wounded skin)
- 2-Mucous membranes (Respiratory, gastro and genitals)
- 3-Parenteral route (insect bites, puncture wounds)
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The number of microorganisms required to produce an infection in 50% of the test host population.
ID50
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Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population.
LD50
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Describe the adhesion process between a pathogen and it's host:
Surface molecules on the pathogen called, adhesins or ligands, bind specifically to complementary surface receptors on the cells of certain host tissues.
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Enzymes that coagulate blood:
Coagulase
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Enzymes that digest fibrin clots;
Kinases
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Enzyme; Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid:
Hyaluronidase
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Enzyme; Hydrolyzes collagen:
Collagenase
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Enzyme that destroys IgA antibodies:
IgA proteases
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Enzyme that takes iron from host iron-binding proteins:
Siderophores
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Enzyme that alters surface proteins:
Antigenic variation
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Substances that contribute to pathogenicity:
Toxins
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Ability to produce a toxin:
Toxigenicity
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Presence of toxin in the host's blood:
Toxemia
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Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine:
Toxoid
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Antibodies against a specific toxin:
Antitoxin
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Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid A) of most gram-negative bacteria; released on destruction of the cell:
Endotoxin
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A protein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells; membrane disrupting toxins; lyse cell by either making protein channels or disrupting phospholipid bilayer:
Exotoxin
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___ waste products may cause symptoms.
Fungal
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___ fungal infections provoke an allergic response.
Chronic
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___ toxins inhibit protein synthesis.
Tichothecene
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Fungi contain ___, which is an enzyme that begins the breakdown of proteins.
protease
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Fungi contain capsules which prevent the process of ___.
phagocytosis
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A toxin produced in sclerotia by the fungus Claviceps purpurea that causes ergotism.
Ergot Toxin
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Fungal property: A carcinogenic toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus.
Aflatoxin
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A toxin produced by a fungus, including mushrooms:
Mycotoxins
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The presence of ___ and their waste products often produces disease symptoms in the host.
protozoa
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___ avoid the defenses of the host by growing in phagocytes and antigenic variation.
Protozoa
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Some of these organisms actually use host tissues for their own growth or produce large parasitic masses; the resulting cellular damage evokes the symptoms.
Helminths
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Paralytic shellfish poisoning and domoic acid intoxication are examples of the pathogenic properties of ___.
algea
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The path by which a pathogen leaves the body is termed:
Portal of exit
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A portal of exit for a pathogen is the ___ ___ by coughing, sneezing, etc.
respiratory tract
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A portal of exit for a pathogen is the ___ ___ by feces or saliva.
gastrointestinal tract
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A portal of exit for a pathogen is the ___ ___ by urine and vaginal secretions.
genitourinary tract
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A portal of exit for a pathogen is the ___ by sweating.
skin
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A portal of exit for a pathogen is the ___ biting arthropods, needles or syringes.
blood
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