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Mental health
- • ability to cope. Persons
- ability to cope and adjust to stress and everyday life. Should be able to
- adapt. Set realistic goals, solve problems, interpersonal health.
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Mental
illness (disorder
- • – dysfunction. Real problems with
- neurotransmitters in brain.
- behavioral / psychological / biological.abnormal,
- disruptive behaviors, pattern of behavior is not social or culturally
- acceptable, causes behavior disfunction.
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Behavior
- response
- to disease / dysfunction
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Primitive
concept
- Possessed
- – treated by magic
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Greco-Roman: Hippocrates
- researched how the body and mind works, AKA the father of medicine,
- first to record information.
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humoral theory
provide comfort, warm baths, massages and music
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The
Church – bedlam
hospital-confusion and disorder, ppl would pay to look at them.
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Reformation
- improvement
- but put sick mentally in asylums or on street.
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Eighteenth
century (1700s)–
- • psychiatry separate
- branch of medicine- pinel said stuff
- wasn’t working, started to
- record behavior. They thought they could beat this out of them.
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Nineteenth
century (1800s)
- USA mental hospitals-
- Linda Richards 1st nurse.
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Twentieth
century (1900s)
prevention
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Freud
A neurophysiologist.
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1930’s
Labotomy
severed neuron connection, cut frontal lobe from thalamus= emotionless.
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1930’s
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy-flood neurotransmitters, could improve behaviors, still used today seizure
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National
Health Act passed 1940
• government help
- National Institution of Mental
- Health recognized as a legitimate
- thing.
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(NIMH):
- research
- & funding for ; research of drugs and working for these pt. don’t need to
- be committed for mental health problems
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Psychotherapeutic
drugs; 1950’S
• more facilities available more doctors, return home
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Deinstitutionalization
- try to get
- them to function in normal society.
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basic consepts; nursing is
person orientated
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basic concepts mental health
every interaction is an oppertunity
- to deal with
- mental health issues
-
basic concepts mental health humans have ability to
heal themselves-can handle stress better than think
-
basic concepts mental health
healing is influenced by
mental attitude- feel good about something usually means its good
-
basic concepta
nursing interventions
assisting with a person’s inner healing capacity
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mental health continium
- slide up and down this daily
- no one is 100 % mentally healthy
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Personality
1) attitudes and behaviors particular to an individual.
2) unique pattern of mental, emotion and behavior traits, woven together.
3) influenced by genetics and interactions with the environment.
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Erik
Erikson viewed life cycle as
a series of developmental stages
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Sigmund Freud
- 3 levels of awareness
- 3 parts of personality
- development
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Sigmund Freud’s 3
substructures of personality
ID-EGO-SUPEREGO
-
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Ego
mediate btwn the self and the rest of the envoronment
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Superego
moralistic censoring force
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all three coincidint in harmony
emotional stability
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Self – 4 distinct parts that influence behavior
- Personal Identity “I”
- Body image
- Role
- Self esteem
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Self-concept
- perceptions & values of an individual
- (how one sees one-self; what a person values)
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Stress
- •
- Non specific response of the body to demands
- Response to demands: learned or conditioned
- behavior
- Measured by importance of individual (subjective)
- Positive or negative
-
stressor
- situation/activity/event
- that produces stress
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Mental health nursing deals with:
behavior, an individual’s response to stressors.
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ANXIETY
Internal process to
perceived or real threat to one’s self
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Signs of higher anxiety include (not limited to):
vocal changes, rapid speech, restlessness diaphoresis,N/V, increased vs
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FOUR (4) LEVELS OF ANXIETY
mild, moderate, severe,panic
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COPING & MENTAL MECHANISMS
motivation
inner drive to a goal
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COPING & MENTAL MECHANISMS
frustration
interference
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COPING & MENTAL MECHANISMS
conflict
struggle
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COPING & MENTAL MECHANISMS
adaptation
ability to adjust/cope
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• fourteen (14), unconscious reactions, provides protection
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denial
long or short term
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anxiety
feelings of uneasiness
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shock
overwhelming emotion
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Culture
- group
- specific values; beliefs; customs;practices
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Subculture
separate groups within a group of subcultures
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Ethnicity
- share
- common heritage / national origin
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Race
- share
- biological characteristics
-
society
a nation, community
-
stereotype
generalization
-
ethnic stereotype
specific to a culture
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Cultural
competence
awareness of cultural beliefs/practices
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Transcultural
Nursing
understanding and applying culturally appropriate nursing care
-
family dynamics
role of family members
-
-
misunderstnding/mistrust
past experiences
-
age and disease
decreased cognitive function
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cultural practices
resist anything new
-
communication
- verbal and nonverbal
- same words different meanings
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Catholic
- anointing of sick (last rights) on forehead
- LPN do in terminally ill- don’t wipe off
- Ask pt if they want priest
- Dietary- no meet on Friday/wed, fish ok
- No BC/ abstinence/family planning
- Organ donations ok
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Baptist
- +27 types
- No infant baptism
- Communion
- Total abstinence of ETCOH,
- Regular death care
- Bible at all times
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Islam
- baby bathed before mom holds
- Father whispers prayer in ear
- Circumcised before puberty
- No pork or etoch
- Meat blessed & killed specially
- Death – family washes & prepares body
- Body places in meca NE, burial ASAP, never cremate
- Autopsy legal purposes only, no parts removed
- No transplants organs
- Women don’t attend burials
- Pray up to 11 times a day to MECA, wash feet prior to praying even if illl
- Kurron not touched or anything on top of it—unclean
- Women not allowed to sign consent form Modesty
- No family planning
- Cover whole body
- Female doctors- one body part at a time
- Except from prayer 40 days b4 birth & any period
- of bleeding until resolved.
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Jehovia’s
- No infant baptism
- No smoke or ETOCh
- No burial restrictions
- BC ok but no abortion
- Organ transplant ok but non blood solutions
- Blood transfusions- violate god’s law
- Auto logous transfusion- own blood
- Some allow plasma, slaine
- No Red blood
- Some hospitals have low blood loss surgery
- Cant decide for children- law
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bias
a particular tendency or inclination, especially one that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice
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compensation
make up for deficency in one area by excelling in another
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conversion
emotional conflicts are turned into a physical sx which provides individual with some sort of benefit
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displacement
emotions are expressed towards someone or something other than the source of the emotion
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dissociation
separation and detachment of emotional significance and affect from an idea or situation
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identification
individual incoporates a characteristic of another individual or group
-teen who dresses like fav rock singer
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projection
blaming personal shortcomings on someone else attributing to another characteristics that the person doesnt want to admit possessing
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adaptation
ability to adjust to changing life situations using various strategies
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affect
refers to the external manifestation of inner feelings or emothions; often reflected by facial expression
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crisis
a time of change or turning point in life when patterns of living must be modified to prevent disorganization of the person or family
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folk health
- third world beliefs
- carry out rituals
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holistic health
religious experiences based on cultural beliefs and may include things like blessings and miracle cures
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Stress (definition)
nonspecific ersponse of the body to any demand on it
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illness(def)
state of homeostatic imbalance
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Behavior def.
manner in which a person performes any or all of the adl's
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biomedical
life is regulated by biomedical and physical process, life process can be manipulated by mechanical intv(surgery, meds)
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brazil
ok sign means
disrespect
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european
space=
friendly, 1ft personal space
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american
silence=
touch=
eyecontact=
eye avoidence=
- grieving
- don't like, 5-6ft personal space
- interest, honesty
- shy,guilt, embarrassment
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Mexican
silence
time
- disagreement
- late cant recapture the now
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russian, french, spanish
silence
agreement
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American Indian, Chinese, Japanese
silence
eye contact
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