Bio-40 Vocab

any change other than an injury that disrupts the normal function of the body

*Some diseases are produced by agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Others are caused by materials in the environment, such as cigarette smoke. Still others, such as hemophilia, are inherited.

disease-causing agents; means "sickness makers"

infectious deseases were caused by microorgansims of different types, commonly called germs

1. The pathogen should always be found in the body of a sick organism and should not be found in a healthy one.

2. The pathogen must be isolated and grown in the laboratory in pure culture.

3. When the cultured pathogens are placed in a new host, they should cause the same disease that infected the oringinal host.

4. The injected pathogen should be isolated from the second host. It should be identical to the original pathogen.

*Some infectious diseases are spread from one person to another through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact. Other infectious diseases are spread though contaminated water of food. Still others are spread by infected animals.

animals that carry pathogens from person to person

compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of the human or animal hosts

*The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells.

ability of the body to resist a certain pathogen

*Your body's most important nonspecific defense is the skin.

nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

*The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

elevated body temperature that occurs in result to infection

one of a group of proteins that help cells resist viral infection

the body's specific defenses that attack a disease-causing agent

substance that triggers immune response

immunity against antigens and pathogens in the body fluids (B cells)

immunity against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells (T cells)

protiens that recognize and bind to antigens

the injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to produce immunity

immunity produced by exposure to an antigen as a result of the immune response

short-term immunity caused when antibodies produced by other animals for a pathogen are injected into the body

overreaction of the immune system to antigens

chemical that increases the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding area

chronic respiratory disease in which the air passages becom narrower than normal

*When the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body's own cells, it produces an autoimmune disease.

*The only no-risk behavior with respect to HIV and AIDS is abstinence.

anything that increases the chance of disease or injury

*Environmental factors that can affect your health include air and water quality, poisonous wastes in landfills, and exposure to solar radiation.

mass of growing tissue that begins when a cell or a group of cels begin to grow and divide uncontrollably

chemical compound known to cause cancer

*Healthful bahaviors include eating a healthful diet, getting plenty of exercise and rest, abstaining from harmful activities, and having regular checkups.