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arise when a company can take advantage of conditions in its environment to formulate and implement strategies that enable it to become more profitable
opportunities
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arise when conditions in the external environment endanger the integrity and profitability of the company's business
threats
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a group of companies offering products or services that are close substitutes for each other
industry
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products or services that stisfy the same basic customer needs
substitutes
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a group of closely related industries
sector
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distinct groups of customers wintin a market that can be differentiated from each other on the basis of their distinct attributes and specific demands
market segment
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companies that are not currently competing in an industry but have the capability to do so if they choose
potential competitors
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when unit costs fall as a firm expands its output
economies of scale
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when consumers have a preference for the products of established companies
brand loyalty
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when an established company has such a low cost structure that new entrants cannot expect to match this structure
absolute cost advantage
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when it costs a customer time, energy, and money to switch from the products offered by one established company to the products offered by a new entrant
switching costs
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the number and size distribution of companies in an industry
competitive structure of an industry
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economic, strategic, and emotional factors that prevent companies from leaving an industry
exit barriers
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companies that sell products that add value to the products of companies in an industry because when used together, the products better satisfy customer demands
complementors
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within-industry factors that inhibit the movement of companies between strategic groups
mobility barriers
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identifies five sequential stages in the evolution of an industry that lead to five distinct kinds of industry environment
industry life cycle
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What are the 5 stages of the industry life cycle?
- embryonic
- growth
- shakeout
- mature
- decline
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states that long periods of equilibrium, when an industry's structure is stable, are punctuated by periods of rapid change when industry structure is revolutionized by innovation
punctuated equilibrium
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What are the 5 forces behind Porter's Five Forces Model?
- Intensity of rivalry among established firms
- Risk of entry from protential competitors
- Threat of substitutes
- Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of suppliers
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