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Simple leaf
One leaf, bud as base of leaf.
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Pinnate
One central stock stem but several leaves coming off sides in even or odd numbers.
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Bipinnate
Multi stems with individual leaves but one bud as base of branch. Such as pyracantha.
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Palmate
Palm leaves, chaste tree, marijuana leaves.
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Alternate attachment leaves
Leaves are attached on a alternate pattern and not lined up with each other.
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Opposite attachment leaves
Two leaves are attached on either side of the branch with each having its own bud.
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Whorled leaf attachment
3 or more leaves are attached in a spiral pattern at node with each having their own bud.
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Entire leaf margin
smooth, without teeth
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Toothed leaf margin
Pointed or jagged tips on edge of margin
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Lobed leaf margin
Deep indentation in a simple leaf.
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Sinuous leaf margin
Leaf margin has a wave to it. As if the outside margin is larger than the rest of leaf.
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Cordate leaf shape
Heart shaped with a notch at the base
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Linear leaf shape
Long narrrow leaf
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Lanceolate leaf shape
fat at one end and narrowing at tip. Opposite of Oblanceolate
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Oblanceolate leaf shape
Narrow at base and widening towards tip. Opposite of Lanceolate
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Ovate leaf shape
Egg shaped, oval. Can be narrowing at both ends but leaf is primarily oval in overall shape, but wider at base.
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Obovate leaf shape
Primarily oval in shape but more narrow at base.
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Stipules
Small winged looking leafs at the leaf node on roses.
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Thorns
Short stems that come to a sharp point on end. Can have leaves when younger.
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Prickles
What is found on roses. Formed on branch with exterior cell tissues. Not actual part of branch.
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Division
- Level below Kingdom.
- 12 total all ending with ophyta
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Class
- Level below Divisions
- Magnoliopsida-eudicots
- Liliopsida-Monocots
- always end with opsida
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Cycadophyta
Cycads
Sago palm
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Angiosperms
Produce flowers
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Gymnosperms
Produce no flowers but do have cones.
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Monocots
- Flower in parts of three
- parallel leaf venation
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Eudicots
- Flower in parts of 4's or 5's
- branched or net leaf venation
Includes most species of flowering herbs, shrubs and trees.
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diffuse secondary growth
The inside growth of a palm tree.
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Adventatious root initiation zone
The area at the base of a palm tree where the root zone is.
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Stems
The portion of the plant axis bearing nodes.
Stolon, Rhizome, bulb, tuber
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Stolen
Horizontal stem above ground for rooting and propagation
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Rhizome
Underground stem, such as with agave.
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Tuber
A bulging root zone that can reproduce such a potatoes and dahlias
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bulbs
A complete plant in a small bulb.
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Apical dominance
Main leader or central stem is dominant, causing lower branches to remain shorter. As the tree grows the further away from the main apical dominant leader the branches can grow outward. Causing a pyramid shape.
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Facicles
Bundles of leaves on pine trees
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lenticels
small gas exchanging nodes on branches
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meristem
actively dividing tissue
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Monoecious
Same plant both sexes
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Dioecious
Male and female on different plants
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Calyx
Total number of sepals
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corolla
Total number of petals
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Perianth
Total petals & sepals
All non sexual parts
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Androecium
Total of all male parts
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Gynoecium
Total of all female parts
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Zygomorphic
Not equal when cut in half both ways
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Actinomorphic
Equal parts when cut in half
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Superior Ovary
Connects on top of the sepals and stamen
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Inferior Ovary
Connects below the stamen and sepals
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