Anatomy Chapter 17

Because of the tissue composition of an individual skeletal muscle, what level of organization is a muscle such as the biceps brachii or pectoralis major classified within?

What is the study of muscle?

In some situations, as when you lay an object on a table, a muscle is actually gettin glonger while doing what you want. One of the characteristics of muscle is contractility. Yet a muscle allowing you to extend your elbow in a controlled fashion is not getting shorter. What is it doing?

What is another term for skeletal muscle cell?

What is an expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions, forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels, and to fill spaces between muscles?

What layer of tissue is composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue that separates muscle from skin?

What are cordlike structures that attach muscle to bone, skin, or other structures?

What are sheet os tissue that connect muscle to bone, skin, or other structures?

Most skeletal muscles cross one or more joints to bring about movements in those joints. Which attach of a muscle usually remains stationary when a muscle contracts?

Most skeletal muscles cross one or more joints to bring about movements in those joints. Which attach of muscle usually moves when a muscle contracts?

What is the enlarged fleshy portion of a muscle made up of muscle fibers?

What is a muscle producing a particular movement called?

What is a muscle whose actions oppose those of the prime mover?

What is a muscle that assists the prime mover in its action?

Define axial muscles.

Identifying the sphincter muscle originating medially on the bones of the orbit and inserting on the tissue of the eyelids. It permts blinking, winking and squinting.

Identify the muscle located in the ocular region, but not attached to the eyeball. Arises from the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid. Inserts on the eyelid and acts to raise it.

Identify the complicated multilayered muscle with most of its fibers running circularly from the facial node. Its fibers insert in skin, mucosa of the lips, and muscles around the orifice of the oral cavity. It closes the lips and aids in pursing the lips as in kissing.

What is the thin, superficial, sheet-like muscle originating on the fascia of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and inserting on the lower border of the mandible and the corners of the mouth? It draws the corners of the mouth downward and may assist in opening the mouth.

Origin - Temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia
Insertion - Lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
Action - Elevates and protracts mandible

Origin - Deep Head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone. Superficial Head: tuberosity of maxilla
Insertion - Medial ramus of mandible
Action - Elevates and protracts mandible; moves mandible medially

Origin - Superior Head: Infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone. Inferior Head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion - Superior Head: Articular disc and capsule of\emporomandibular joint. Inferior Head: Anterior side of mandibular condyloid process
Action - protracts mandible

In regard to muscles, what are those whose origin and insertion are both within structure under consideration?

In regard to muscles, what are those who have their origin outside of the structure under consideration?

Origin - Anterior Belly: Digastric fossa of the mandible. Posterior Belly: Mastoid groove or notch of the temporal bone.
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Action - Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid

Origin - Sternal Head: Ventral surface of the manubrium. Clavicular Head: Cranial surface of medial third of clavicle.
Insertion - Lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occiptal bone.
Action - Turns head to side; flexes neck and head

Origin - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion - First and second ribs
Action - Flexes neck laterally; eleveates rib cage

Identify: a massive extensor consisting of three groups that are found from the sacrum to the skull and work to extend the spine or, if only one side contracts, to bring about lateral flexion.

Origin - Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion - Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the twelth rib
Action - Contraction of one side flexes the vertebral colum laterally; contraction of both sides extends the vertebral column

Origin - Inferior border of a rub from costal tubercle to end of rib at articulation with costal cartilage
Insertion - Superior border of rib just inferior to rib of origin
Action - Elevates ribs during inspiration as needed

Origin - Superior border of a rub from costal angle to sternum
Insertion - Inferior border of rib just superior to rib of origin
Action - Intercondral portion elevates and draws ribs together during inspiration as needed; interosseous portion depresses and draws ribs together during expieration as needed

Origin - Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion - Central tendon
Action - pulls central tendon inferiorly

Origin - External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs
Insertion - Anterior half of iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba
Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk

Origin - Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion - Linea alba, costal cartilage of last three or four ribs.
Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk

Origin - Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and costal cartilage of last six ribs
Insertion - Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis
Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Origin - Pubic crest and symphysis pubis
Insertion - Costal cartilages of fifth through seventh ribs and xiphoid process
Action - Flexes vertebral column; compresses and supports abdominal viscera

How might the sternocleidomastoid aid in respiration?

What msucle closes the eye?

What muscle forms the bulge on eitehr side of the median furrow?