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How many mutations do you need to make a cancer cell?
6
A word that means “progressively worsening disease”
Malignant
A
model
which says that every new mutation gives a cell a growth advantage
Multistage model
This
model
says that
all cells
in a tumor can be tumorogenic
Stochastic model
This
model
says that only
some cells
in a tumour can be tumorogenic
Heirarchial model
This
theory
says that tumor cells arise from
stem cells
Cancer stem cell hypothesis
These proteins pump drugs back out of cells
ABC
transporters
6 hallmarks of cancer
S
elf sufficient growth
A
void apoptosis
L
imitless
A
ngiogenesis
M
etastasis
I
nsensitive to ant-growth
When a tumor spreads from one site to another
Metastasis
This bunch of genes help proliferation
oncogenes
proto-oncogenes
1 allele is enough to mess up
This bunch of genes
stop
proliferation
Tumor suppressors
Both
alleles are required to mess up
This mutation in oncogenes makes cells way too active!
Gain-of-function
What happens if you methylate the promoter?
You prevent transcription
This is an example of point mutations
Ras
This is an example of gene deletion
EGF
no ligand binding domain
truncated C terminus
Too much of this protein is found in breast cancer
HER2
to many signals are sent to the nucleus for growth
This gene is also amplified with HER2 because its on the same chromosome
Topo II
A philli chromosome is a crossover of these two
chromosomes 22 and 9
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients might have this special chromosome
Phillidelphia
chromosome
makes
hybrid mRNA
Bcr1 Abl
Making new unusual genes by mixing together chromosomes
Chromosome rearrangement
Follicular lymphoma patients have this protein in their B cells
Bcl-2
These chromosome cross over and put
Bcl-2 gene
next to a strong enhancer
chromosomes 14 and 18
If this gene is messed up, you get ataxia talengiectasia and many types of cancers
ATM gene
ATM activates repair machines
i.e. p53 and BRCA1
Author
Bobopudge
ID
67427
Card Set
MM20
Description
Cancer cells 1
Updated
2011-02-19T15:46:06Z
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