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Purpose of Sensory Assessment
- Determine level of sensory feedback affecting movement
- Provide basis for initiatin program of sensory retraining or desensitization
- Determine need for compensatory techniques
- Assure patient's safety and prevent secondary complications
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Mechanoreceptors
Respons to mechanical deformation
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Thermoreceptors
Respond to changes in temperature
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Chemoreceptors
Respons to chemical substances. Two important chemoreceptors are teh receptors that correspond to smell and taste.
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Electromagnetic Receptors
respond to visible light
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Free Nerve Endings
perception of pain, temperature touch, pressure, tickle, and itch sensations
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Hair Follicle Endings
perceive movement or touch
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Merkel's disks
- are found below the epidermis
- perceive low intensity touch and velocity of touch
- two point discrimination
- localization of touch
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Ruffini Endings
- located in the deep dermis
- perceive touch and pressure
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Karause's end bulbs
- located in the dermis
- perceive touch and pressure
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Meissner's Corpuscles
- located in the dermis
- perceive touch and the recognition of texture
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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
-Pacinian Corpuscles
- Located in subcutaneous tissue
- perceive deep touch and vibration
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Deep Sensory Receptors-Muscle Receptors
Muscles Spindles
- monitors chang in the length of muscle fibers also velocity of change.
- plays vital role in position and movement sense and motor learning.
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Deep Sensory Receptors-Muscle Receptors
Golgi Tendon Organs
- Located in the proximal and distal tendon insertion of the muscle
- Monitor muscle tension
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Deep Sensory Receptors-Muscle Receptors
Free Nerve Endings
Pain and pressure monitors
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Deep Sensory Receptors-Muscle Receptors
Pacinian Corpuscles
Deep pressure and vibration
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Joint Receptors
Golgi Type Endings
Located in ligaments, perceive rate of joint movement
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Joint Receptors
Free Nerve Endings
Located in joint capsule and ligaments, perceive and respond to pain and have a crude awareness of joint motion.
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Joint Receptors
Ruffini Endings
Located in joint capsule and ligaments, perceive and respond to direction and velocity of joint motion.
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Joint Receptors
Paciniform Endings
Located in joint capsule, monitor rapid joint movements.
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Anterolateral Spinothalamic System (ALST) (Ventral Spinothalamic Tract)
- Carries nondiscriminative sensations
- pain
- temperature
- tickle
- itch
- sexual sensations
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ALST location
ALST starts in dorsal roots, crosses to opposite side, and travels to brainstem and thalamus
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Dorsal Column (Medial Lemniscus Tract)
- Carries discriminative sensation to the thalamus
- touch
- stereognosis
- pressure
- barognosis
- graphesthesia
- texture
- kinesthesia
- two point discrimination
- proprioception
- vibration
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Stereognosis
the ability to perceive the form of an object by using the sense of touch
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Barognosis
the ability of evaluating the weight of objects, or to differentiate objects of different weights by looking at them
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Graphesthesia
is the ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch.
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