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Intestines #2
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Bolus
Ball of food material mixed with saliva
Esophogus
10 inches long
Segmation
Mixing with saliva
Amylase
Enzyme saliva
Break down of carbs
Carbia orfase
Opening where the esophogus & diaphram meet
Sphincter
Is a strong muscle
Pulses open and close
Gerd
Heartburn
Ant-acid cure
Esphogus mucosa
Zig Zag fashion
Advertitia
ONLY in esophugus and retro organs
Stomach copacity
4 liters of food
Heartburn
Can be cause by over eating, puttin pressure on heart
Acid from stomach
can come back up to feel like heartburn
Hiatal hernia
Stomach connection goes up instead of down
stomach puts pressure on heart
ulser
opening in layers of GI track
Mastication
Chewing
Deglutition
Swalloing
Stomach
bean shaped
big curve and small curve
Fundus
Top of stomach
Plyorus
Bottom of stomach
Lesser Curvature
small curve of stomach
Greater curvature
greater curve in stomach
Mucosa
Made of brougd finger like structures
Rugae
fingers of mucosa
inner most layer
Chym
when bolus (ball of food) enters stomach its called chym
Duodenum
Stomach extention
Gated by Pyloric pshincter
Stomach wall
Mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
Mucosa layer
gastric pits
gastric glands
Gastric gland
Parietal cellc
Cheif cell
Entero-endocrine cell
Parietal cell (pac man)
Produce Hydrochloric acid HCL
Produces Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor
Produced by parietal cell
chem. that helps absorbe vit B12
Animea
low B12
low iron
B12
helps RBC carry O2 which brings iron
hypo=animia
Perineciouse animia
Low production of B12 and Intrincic factor
Gastric pits
In mucosa layer-holes extend down to gastic gland
"Gen" ending
inactive enzyme
Entero-endocrine
More than 30 differnt enzymes
Endorphine
makes you feel good-chocolate
Cheif cell
in gastric pits of stomach mucosa
main thing in stomach-inactive enzyme
Pepsinogen
inactive enzyme of the gastric pits of stomach
Lipase
Enzyme of gastric pits of stomach
lipid breakdown
Pepsin
Enzyme that works on protiens
Converted from pepsinogen to active enzyme by HCL
Renin
in cheif cell of gatric cell
enzyme in children below 7
breaks cacien down
Canien
enzyme that breaks down milk
Acid enviorment
Stomach-hyrdocloric acid HCL
Nuetral enviorment
mouth is nuetral
Binding in Parietal cell
Pushes hydrogen into stomach lumen H+
All HCO3- go into blood
Alkaline tide
The pushing of hydrogen and HCO3- into stomach lumen
negative chage
HCO3-
kicked out of cell into blood
Cl-
is sent from blood to lumen to regulate blood to make HCL
Histamine
blocks the H+ from lumen to prevent uncler
Amlance
carb breakdown-in mouth-neutral
Pepsin
Protein breakdown-acidic-stomach
Pyloric sphincter
opening at bottom of stomach conecting duodenum
Opens and closes to stomach can have time to absorb all protein in stomach
Entric nerve
in middle of brain-triggers vomiting
Small intestine names
Duodenum-Jejunum-Ileum
Hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter
Where liver and pancrease join at duodenum
Oddi-sphincter
Another name for Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Gallbladder
opening into duodenum
Bile duct
Juices of liver
Small intestine wall
Alkaline 7.4 base
Stomach mucosa layer
folded into narrow fingers calles Villi
Plical Circialus
Tip of Villi-the folds of mucosa
Intestinal crypt
"Licberkahn pits"
Secrete intestinal juice-haas lots of enzymes 7.42-7.8ph
Paneth cells
Produce lyosine-in intestinal crypt
Microvilli
Top of villi
Brush border-absorbtion area increased
Submucosa
Bottom of gastic cell at the crypt
Duodenal gland
In submucosa
secretes alkaline juices 7.4ph
Brunners gland
another name for duodenal gland
Pyeris patch
Submucosa layer
immune cells-has lymph knodes
Liver
Has 4 knobes
Righ and left are visible from front
Caudate & Quadrate lobes visible from back
1.4 kilo-grams
makes bile juices
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Secretes into duodenum
Ligamentum
Thread like structure hanging out
remenent of fetal imbilical vein
Liver job
Detoxifing anything put in body
Secretes bile juice
Bile juices
Secreted by liver
No enzyme-digest lipids
Hydrolotic
All enzyme work only in water based situations
Will not work on lipids
Bile Salts
Break down lipids
Polar region of bile salt
Has charge
This side mixes with water
Nonpolar region of bile salt
Negative charge
This side attaches to lipid enabling water to breack down lipid
Liver properties
Rish in glycogen
Stores glucose
Hepato cytes of liver
Liver cells that grow back or regenerate
Hexogonal plates
Shape and formation of liver cell
6 sides and 6 corners
Portal triad of liver
3 tubes of the hexogonal plate
Bile duct-Artery-Vein
Plates of Hepatocytes
Liver cells make hepatic juice
Sinusoid walls of liver
Tracks between hepatocytes
has Kupffer cells
Kupffer Cells of liver
Made of macrophines that eat bugs in body
Hepatitis
A-F 6 types
Hepatitis "C"
most common
Hepatitis "B"
Mostly in health care facilities
Surosis of liver
Hepatitis B & C
Alcohol makes you more suspeptible to hetatitis
Hepatitis "D"
Cant come into you-must have Hep "B" first to get
Hepatitis "A"
Most common in children
Emulsififcation
Bile salt breakdown-lipid breakdown in liver
Bilirubian
Formed when RBC are distroyed
Exited though urin and feces
Urobiliogin
Distroyed RBC flushed out in urine from liver
Stercobilin
Distroyed RBC flushed out in feces from liver
Cholecystokinin
Secreted by duodunem wall
Tells galbladder to squeeze and release bile and open sphincter into duodenum
Secretin
Secreted by duodunem wall
Hormone that will travel through blood to liver and tells it to secrete bile juices
Gallstones
Crystals of cholestoral in gallbladder
Litotrypsy
Shoot untral sound waves to break up gallstones
Colesistcyamy
Removal of gallbladder
Bile duct enlarges and bile is stored here
Jawndice
Accumulation of urobliogin in blood vessels
Pancreas
Secretes pancratic juice
Ph 8 alaline
Acinar cell of pancrease
Secretes pancreatic juice
Pancrease secretes into
Small intestines
Trypsin-active enzyme
Trypsin
Secreted by pancreas
active enzyme that breaks down protein in small intestine
Trypsinogen
Inactive enzyme that reacts with enteropeptidase to make trypsin enzyme
Enteropepitose
Mixes with trypsinogen to make trypsin
Cholecystokinin in pancrease
Tells pancrease to make pancreatic juice
Secretin in pancrease
Stimlates production of pancrease juice
Cecum
Connection where small and large intestine meet
Colon
Large intestine
Ascending, Transvrese, Descending
Haustrum
Pockets of large intestine
Water absorbtion
to little diahria
to much constipation
Valsalvas
Process of goin to bathroom
pressure on lower abdomin, hold breath, puch ect
Epiploic appendages
Fat balls
Dont know what they do
Teniae coli
Strong muscle
Singmoid colon
Attachemtn of colon to anus
External anal sphincter
Volentary at anus after rectum
External anal sphincter
Volentary
controls movement
Internal sphincter
Involentary
controls movement
Rectal valve
Separates solid and gas
Hermorhoidal vein
Drain all wastes away
Hemroid
Inflamation of hemorhaoidal veins
Levator ani muscle
Go up and down like a piston to propel waste material out of anal canal
Ileustomy
Removal of large intestine and attached to small intestines to anal canal
Flura
700 kinds of bugs live in large intestine
DMSO
Makes fats smelly
Diverliculosis
Haustrum pockets very small
Narrowing of large intestine
Diverticulitis
inflamation or infection of large inestine
Deflication reflex
Goin to bathroom
Cerbreal cortex
Controls external sphincter
lets you hold it in 150-200 ml each poop
Parasythatic nerves system
Involentary
Lose control of bowles
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Author
callmelauren122001@yahoo.com
ID
67372
Card Set
Intestines #2
Description
Stomach, liver
Updated
2011-02-20T18:37:02Z
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