Comm 231 Exam

Persuassive speeches

Athenians gathered in a public space called the agora to express their involvement in public affairs

Later in the Roman republic citizens met in a public space called a forum

today the term public forum denotes a variety of media for the voicing of ideas, including tradiotional phhysical spaces such as town squares as well as plethora of print and electronic media

speech given in legislative or political contexts

also called ceremonial oratory rhetoric of ceremony, such as celebrations and funerals

The process of prepearing a speech in five parts called Canons of Rhetoric: Invention, arrangement, syle, memory, and dellivery

refers to adapting speech information to the audience in order to make your case

is organizaing the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience

is the way the speaker uses language to express the speech ideas

is the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered

is the vocal and noverbal behavior you use when speaking

is a form of communication between two people, as in conversation

involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another

occurs between a speaker and a large audience of uknown people

a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present during the delivery of the speech

is the person who creates message

is the cumulative process of the source transforming thoughts into messages and delivering them to the audience

the recipient of the source's message

the process of interpreting the message

the audience's response to a message

trying to determine the needs ,attitudes, values of your audience before you begin speaking

the content of the communication process: thoughts and ideas put into meaningful expressions

the medium through which the speaker sends a message

is the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience

circumstance that calls for a public response

the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from on generation to the next

the belief that the ways of our own culture are superior to those of other cultures

being skilled an flexible about understanding a culture, learning more about it from your ongoing interactions with it, and gradually reshaping your thinking to bem ore sympathetic to the culutre and to be more skillied and appropriate

guided imagery or mental rehearsal

the ablility to evaluate claims on the basis of well-supported reasons

focused purposeful listening

anything that competes for attention that you atre trying to gice to something else

the continual flow of feedback between speaker and listener. A situation in which sucessful speakers adjust their message based on their listeners' reactios, and vice versa

a poor listening behavior in which the listener reacts defensively to a speakers' message

to identify with values that are not your own in order to win approval from an audience

our most enduring judgements or standards of what's important to us

the ways in which people perceive reality or determine the very existance or validity of something

a humorous tribute to a person, one which a series of speakers jokingly poke fun at the individual being honored

a brief tribute to a person or an event being celebrated

a speech whose purpose is to celebrate and commemorate the life of someone while consoling those who are left behind; typically deliverd by close friends and family members

a speech used repeatedly and without sufficient adaption to the rhetorical speech situation

• Plato
• Protagoras
• Aristotle- divided the process of preparing a speech into 5 parts the Cannons of Rhetoric

• Source/Sender
• Message
• Channel
• Encoding
• Decoding
• Noise

anything that interferes with the communication process between a speaker and an audience, so that the message cannot be understood; noise can derive from external sources in the environment or from internal psychological factors

• Interview
• Surveys/ Quesionaires
• Published Sources

a face to face communication or the purpose od gathering information

are designed to gather information from a pool of respondents

• Specific Purpose is a declaritive sentence stating what you expect the speech to accomplish (what you want to achieve)
• Thesis Statement what the speeach is about in one sentence

• Inform
• Pursuade
• Special Occasion

• Intro
• Body
• Conclusion

should catch the audience's attention and interest (startling statement, telling a story, or husing humor

contain the speech's main points and subpoints, all of which support the speech's thesis

End on a strong note! Restate the thesis in a memorable way

• lack of experience/ negative experience
• feelign different from members of the audience
• uneasiness of being the center of attention

• Pre-preperation anxiety
• Preperation Anxiety
• Pre-performance anxiety
• Performance Anxiety

anxiety the minute they know they will be giving a speech

anxiety arises when they actually begin to prepare for the speech

rehearsing the speech

at the highest when the first few words are spoken

• Step one Inhale air and let abdomen go out. Exhale air and let your abdomen go in
• Stage two As you inhale use a soothing words such as calm or relax, or a personal mantra, as follows: "Inhale Calm, abdomen out, exhale calm, abdomen in

a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety; client is exposed to the threatening situation under relaxed conditions until the anxiety reaction is extinguished

virtually anythin in the environment- noise, movement, light, darkness, heat or cold- can be considered an external listening distraction

thoughts and feelings, both positive and negative, that intrude on our attention

• Demograhpics are statistical characteristics of a given population
• Target Audiences those individuals whom you are most likely to influence in your direction

age, socioeconomic status, rleigious and political affiliations, gender, disability, and ethnic and cultual background

a question designed to allow respondents to elaborate as much as possible

a question designed to elicit a small range of specific answers supplied by the interviewer

(attitude scale) a close ended question that measures the respondent's level of agreement or disagreement with specific issues

contain a limited choice of answers such as "yes", "no", "maybe"

• Entertainment
• Celebration
• Commemeration
• Inspiration
• Social-Agenda Setting

• introduction
• acceptance
• presentation
• roasts/ toasts
• eulogies
• after dinner speeches

• Background
• Briefly preview the speaker's topic
• ask audience to welcome speaker

• Prepare
• React with genuinity and with humility
• Thank those giving the award
• thank others who helped you

• Listening is the conscious act of recognizing , understanding and accurately
• Hearing