-
Neural pathways that transmit sensory information toward the CNS are
efferent/motor
-
The meninges are a protective system of issue and fluid surrounding what?
brain and spinal cord
-
The Central Nervous System is comprised of
Brain and spinal cord
-
The midbrain, pons, and medulla are components of the
brainstem
-
Wernicke's area is located in which lobe?
temporal
-
The frontal lobe is primarily responsible for what skill set?
executive functioning
-
The sensory cortex is found on the postcentral gyrus located in which lobe?
parietal
-
The peripheral nervous system is comprosed of what?
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-
cranial nerve origins are within the
brainstem
-
the spinal cord is a continuation of the brainstem and contains the cell bodies for ______ pairs of spinal nerves?
31
-
What structure is first to respond to an emotional event?
amygdala
-
What was the origin (etiology) of Marvin's disorder?
stroke
-
What are some changes in Marvin's personality that are evident because of his disorder?
he hasn't been able to work and cannot make important decisions
-
"For Marvin, memories are bereft of _______."
feeling
-
Emotions have specific neural circuitry.
true
-
Emotions have a purpose, which are life-saving at times.
true
-
What was the origin (etiology) of Johnny's disorder?
car accident
-
In PTSD, ________is ________ by emotion.
thinking, hyjacked
-
What part of the brain mediates the fear response of the amygdala?
frontal cortex
-
What chemical initiates the "fight of flight" response?
adernaline
-
What was the origin (etiology) of Lauren's disorder?
severe depression
-
The prefrontal cortex is _____________ in depression
dull & silent
-
The emotional brain stops sending signals the prefrontal cortex during periods of chronic depression
False
-
There are critical periods during childhood where the brain is remarkably plastic.
true
-
Brain cells are called _____ their connections are called __________ and the chemicals they produce are called ________.
neurons, synapse, neurotransmitters.
-
trigeminal (V)
function:
- touch, pressure, pain, proprioception, temperature from facial nerves
- mastication
-
Facial (VII)
- motor for face
- controls facial expression
- helps move larynx up and back
- 2/3 taste of tongue
-
Bell's Palsy
viral disease
-
-
Glossopharyngeal IX
- external ear
- posterior 1/3 tongue
-
-
Vagus X
- left, descends into the chest under aorta into larynx
- right, chest to subclavian artery before ascending
- phonation/swallowing
- /a/ test gag reflex
- taste buds around epiglottis
-
Hypoglossal XII
- motor nerve
- shortening, narrowing, elongating, and flattening of tongue
-
-
PNS=
cranial, spinal cord
-
-
-
Lobes and their function
frontal-motor, Broca's area
parietal-sensory area, somatic sensory area
occipital-visual
temporal-auditory, Wernicke's
-
cranial nerves
trigeminal V, Facial VII, Vestibulocochlear VIII, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X, Hypoglossal XII
-
circle of Willis
the arteries that supply the brain are patterned in roughly circular fashion
internal carotid/vertebral
-
Nervous System
controller of movement, speech, respiration, phonation, artic. & swallowing
-
brain
- weighs 1400 grams= 3 lbs
- neurons/ glial cells (connective) (reproduce unlike neurons)
- nourish gray matter (neurons) and remove waste
-
-
dura meter
attached to skull
-
-
cranial nerves orginates in
brainstem
-
hemispheres are not mirror images of each other
true
-
dura meter
outermost meningeal layer
-
cerebral spinal fluid
- prevent infection
- prevents the brain from crushing nerve roots and blood vessels into the skull
-
-
sulci
deeper grooves called fissures
-
amygdala
emotions to events and behaviors
-
Choroid plexus fluid cells
manufacture cerebrospinal fluid, which travels around the brain and spinal cord and eventually drains into the veins.
-
corpus callosum
major pathway linking the two hemispheres of the brain
-
cerebrum
longitudinal fissure, central sulcus, lateral sulcus
-
middle cerebral artery
- supplies blood to cerebrum
- not part of the Circle of Willis
-
decussation
crossing of motor fibers that pass from the brain the medulla and so on
-
cerebrospinal fluid
- between arachnoid mater/pia meter
- acts as cushion for the skull
-
pons
- brain stem
- in front cerebellum
-
-
-
thalamus
- sensation
- motor
- sleep/alert
-
-
thalamus
process/transmit info to and from cotrical locations
-
midbrain
flow/direction of info
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