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Possibilism
Explain relationships between human activities and the physical environment
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Environmental Determinism
How the physical environment caused social development
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Map
A two-dimensional or flat representation of Earths surface or a portion of it.
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Cartography
The Science of mapmaking
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Projection
transferring location on earths surface to a flat map
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Remote Sensing
The acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting earth or from other long-distance methods.
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Site
Physical Characteristics of a place
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Situation
location of a place relative to other places
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Toponym
name given to a place on earth
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Region
An area on earth with a unique combination of features
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Cultural Landscape
A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.
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Functional Region
An area organized around a node or focal point
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Formal Region (Uniform or Homogenous Region)
an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
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Vernacular or Perceptual Region
a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. ie, the South
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Globalization
A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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Distribution
The arrangement of a feature in space.
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Geographers ask:
Where and Why
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Density
The number of people occupying an area of land
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Concentration
- The extent of a feature's spread over space. If the objects in an area are close together, they are clustered.
- If relatively far apart, they are dispersed.
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Pattern
The geometric arrangement of objects in space
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Distance Decay
Contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually dissapears
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Diffusion
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
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Relocation Diffusion
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.
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Expansion Diffusion
The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process.
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Arithmetic Density
Total number of people divided by total land area
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Arable Land
Land suited for agriculture
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Physiological Density
The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
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Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
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Natural Increase Rate
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
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Crude Birth Rate
Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
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Crude Death Rate
total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
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Total Fertility Rate
Average number of children a woman will have throughtout her childbearing years
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Infant Mortality Rate
Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births
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Life Expectancy
The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at curent infant mortality rates
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Dependency Ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years.
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Demographic transition
process of change of a country's population structure
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Thomas Malthus
English Economist was one of the first to argue that the world's rate of population was far outrunning the development of food supplies.
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Interregional Migration
migration between regions within a country
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Intraregional migration
migration within a region of a country
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Dialect
A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
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Noah Webster
Creator of the first comprehensive american dictionary and grammar books
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Lingua Franca
A language of international communication
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Three properties of distribution are:
density, concentration, and pattern
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Location can be described by:
site, situation, and toponyms
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