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dist/o
away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
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-
-
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proxim/o
near (the point of attachment of a body part)
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caudad
toward the tail (downward)
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cephalad
toward the head (upward)
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lateral (lat)
pertaining to a side
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medial (med)
pertaining to the middle
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unilateral
pertaining to one side (only)
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bilateral
pertaining to two sides
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mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and to the side
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distal
pertaining to away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
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proximal
pertaining to near (to the point of attachment of a body part)
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inferior (inf)
pertaining to below
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superior (sup)
pertaining to above
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caudal
pertaining to the tail (similar to inferior in most instances related to human anatomy)
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cephalic
pertaining to the head
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anterior (ant)
pertaining to the front
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posterior
pertaining to the back
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dorsal
pertaining to the back
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ventral
pertaining to the belly
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anteroposterior (ap)
pertaining to the front and to the back
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posteroanterior
pertaining to the back and to the front
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frontal or coronal
vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
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sagittal
vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides
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midsagittal
divides the body into right and left halves
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transverse
horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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umbilical region
around the navel (umbilicus)
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epigastric region
directly above the umbilical region
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hypogastric region
directly below the umbilical region
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hypochondriac region
to the right and left of the epigastric region
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lumbar region
to the right and left of the umbilical region
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iliac region
to the right and left of the hypogastric region
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right upper quadrant (RUQ)
refers to the area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines, and the right kidney
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left upper quadrant (LUQ)
refers to the area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, portions of the small and large intestines, and the left kidney
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right lower quadrant (RLQ)
refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men
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left lower quadrant (LLQ)
refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men
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abbreviation for anterior
ant
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abbreviation for anteroposterior
AP
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abbreviation for inferior
inf
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abbreviation for lateral
lat
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abbreviation for left lower quadrant
LLQ
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abbreviation for left upper quadrant
LUQ
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abbreviation for medial
med
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abbreviation for posteroanterior
PA
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abbreviation for right lower quadrant
RLQ
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abbreviation for right upper quadrant
RUQ
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abbreviation for superior
sup
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temporal artery
over the temporal bone on each side of the head lateral to each eyebrow
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carotid artery
on the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial and inferior to the angle of the jaw.
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apical artery
over the apex of the heart at the fourth or fifth intercostal space, left midcavicular line
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brachial artery
in the groove between the biceps and triceps, just medial to the biceps tendon.
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radial artery
lateral and anterior side of the wrist, proximal to the first medicarpal phalangeal joint
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femoral artery
inferior and medial to the inguinal ligament; if the patient is obese, the pulse is found midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
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dorsalis pedis artery
the dorsal surface of the foot, with the foot slightly dorsiflexed
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posterior tibial artery
found posterior and slightly inferior to the medial malleolus of the ankle.
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