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All three types of cartilage have at least a little of what coll type
Type II
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What are the functions of cartilage
- Support soft tissues
- Resist Compression
- Provide sliding surface for joints
- Act as a template for long bone growth
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What makes the cartilage have a hard consistancy
Proteoglycans and collagen
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What three important components do cartilage lack
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The hard consistancy of cartilage can be attributed to
- Coll. Typ II
- Proteoglycans
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Without vessels, how does cartilage obtain nutrients
Through diffusion
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What cartilage types do not contain perichondrium
- Articular cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
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Perichondrium is made up of
Dense connective tissue, Coll. type I, fibroblast cells
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What is articular cartilage
It is found on top of bones and is a subclass of hyaline cartilage, it contains no perichondrium
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Type IV coll. is found only in
Basal Lamina
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What are the three different types of cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage (most abundant)
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
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Hyaline cartilage has what coll. in its matrix
Coll type II
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Elastic Cartilage has lots of elastic fibers and what in its matrix
Hyaline cartilage
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Bone is made of what collagen type
I
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Fibrocartilage has what abundant coll type
I, and the matrix is made of hyaline cartilage
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Hyaline matrix is made up of
- Coll. Type II
- Proteoglycans
- Adhesive gylcoproteins
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Why can't you see Coll. type II
The refractive index is the same as ground substance
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The matrix in hyaline cartilage is produced by
Chondrocytes
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Proteoglycans contain what three GAG's
- Chondroitin 4 Sulfate
- Chondroitin 6 Sulfate
- Karatan Sulfate
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What forms large Proteoglycan Aggregates
Chondroitin 4 Sulfate, Chondroitin 6 Sulfate, Keratan Sulfate linked to hyaluronic acid
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A papain injection has what effect
It is an enzyme that breaks down protein molecules and destroys proteoglycans (Which causes them to no longer attract water)
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Adhesive glycoproteins has binding sites for
- Coll. II
- GAG's
- Hyaluronic acid
- Integrins of chondrocytes
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How are hyaluronic acid aggregates bound to collagen
Electrostatic interactions and glycoproteins
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What is the most abundant adhesvie glycoprotein in cartilage
Chondronectin
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Chondronectin is
A cartilage matrix protein that specifically mediates the attachment of chondrocytes to type II collagen
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Why is ground substance stained with basic dyes
Because it has a negative charge due to the large amounts of GAG's
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A cluster of Chondrocytes is called
An isogenous group
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Chondrocytes have a lot of RER and Golgi, this would indicate
That they make a lot of proteins
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Chondrocytes make what
- Coll II
- GAG's
- Proteoglycans
- Adhesive glycoproteins
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Chondrocytes sit in
Lacunae
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What are the triggers for the synthesis of sulfated GAG's by chondrocytes
- GH
- Somatotropin
- Thyroxine
- Testosterone
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Chondrocytes decrease the synthesis of sulfated GAG's by responding to
- Cortisol
- Cortisone
- Estradiol (found in ovary)
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Cartilage growth depends primarily on what hormone
GH which triggers the liver to release somatomedin C
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Cartilage grows by what two means
- Appositional Growth (Outside in)
- Interstitial Growth (Inside out)
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Interstitial growth happens primarily when and where
- In early development
- articular cartilage
- Epiphyseal plates of long bones
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Elastic cartilage is identical to hyaline cartilage except
Its matrix and perichondrium also contain elastic fibers
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What are some places elastic cartilage can be found
- Pinna of ear
- External and internal auditory tubes
- Epiglottis
- Laryx
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Fibrcartilage has no
Perichondrium
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Fibrocartilage is a combination of
Dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage and is predominantly Coll. I
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Collagen type one stains
Acidophilic
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Fibrocartilage can be found in what locations
- Intervertebral discs
- Symphysis pubis
- Menisci of the knee
- Any area that requires support and tensile strength
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Annulus fibrosus is made up primarily of
Coll. I
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Nucleus pulposes is made of primarily
Coll. II and hyaluronic acid
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Articular cartilage grows only how
Interstitial growth
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Interterritorial matrix is rich in what
Coll II (low a proteoglycans)
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