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What is Holistic Perspective?
Looking at something as a whole
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What is Ethnology?
Historical development, similarities and dissimilarities among cultures
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What is ethnography?
The scientific description of individual cultures
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What is Historical Particularism?
Going out in the field and getting data first hand
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What is cultural relativism?
Cultural norms and values derive their meaning withing a specific social context
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What is Armchair Anthropology?
Studying from far away, drawing conclusions using notes
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What is unlineal evolution?
Savagery, Barbarism and Civilization
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What is diffusionism?
The concept that people get their ideas from one cultural center
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What is Cultural Ecology?
Cultural variations rely on geography
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What is poitical economy?
The study of how native people have been affected by western economies and politics
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What is Feminist Anthropology?
Study of women in society and using women to get different points across
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What is interpretive anthropology?
What it means to be a person in a culture
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Who was Franz Boas?
First anthropologist taught men and women. Made the 4 sub groups, shackles of tradition
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Who was James Frazer?
Very Racist, Armchair anthropologist
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Who was A.R Radcliffe Brown?
Structural functionalism collective traits maintain the stability of a society
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Who was Bronislaw Malinowski?
Off the porch. Psychological functionalism. Culture traits meet the basic derived needs of a person
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What is participant observation?
Going into the field
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What does an ethnographer do?
Build rapport. Getting a role and overcome stereotypes.
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What issues does an ethnographer need to consider when working in "the field"?
People using you. People wanting you there, culture shock. Don't harm the people you are writing about
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What did Charles Hockett say about language?
It is Arbitrary, composed of discrete units, uses displacements has productivity and may contain lies.
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What is parralanguage and body language?
Everything that goes with spoken language. Pitch Tone and Body Movements
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What is Grammar?
All the knowledge shared by those able to speak a language
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What is phonology?
The sound patterns of a language
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What is morphology?
Rules of forming meanings with units of language
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What is syntax?
Refers to how meaning is created through word order in a sentance or phrase
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What is linguistic relativity?
The idea that all languages are equal
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What is linguistic nationalism?
Trying to keep a language pure (French)
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What is code-switching?
change language and dialects depending on the situation
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What is Sapir-Worf Hypothesis?
LAnguage influences how we act with one another
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Who is Noam Chomsky?
- Linguistic Competence-underlying grammatical knowledge of every fluent speaker
- Linguistic performance-actual things people say
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Who is Dell Hymes?
- Communicative Competence-the knowledge required to use a given language in various situations
- Speech communities-groups of people that interact with language on a regualr basis
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Who was Ferdinand de Saussure?
Led the shift from diachronic to synchronic studies of language in the early 20th century
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What is descriptive liguistic?
Describing forms of a language used by a specific speech community
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What is Historical Linguistics?
Describing changes in dialects and languages over time
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What is sociolinguistics?
Looking at languages social functions political and economic relationships among and between members of a speech community
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What is ethnolinguistics?
Analyzing the relationship between culture thought and language
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Socio-centric societies?
The good of society over an individual
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Ego-centric societies?
Focused on oneself rather than the collective
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Structure vs Agency?
The tension between the tenents of culture and individuals ability to act within those constraints.
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Structural Violence?
Use during tensions between a culture to show dominance
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What is psychological anthropology?
An interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interacion of culture and the mental process
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Who was Abraham Kardiner?
- Houses create personality structure.
- Organization technology and child rearing
- All show a relationship between culture and personality
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Who is Ruth Benedict?
Human cultures are personalities writ large
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Who was Cora DuBois?
Said that certain traits occur most frequently but are not necessarily common to all members of that society
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Subjectivity?
We are unique in our cultural world yet are embedded in shared ideas and symbols
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Emic?
Insiders understanding
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Etic?
Outsiders understanding
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Life World?
Made up of the individuals experience of their own cultural world and others.
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