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Cultural Anthro Exam 1
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What is Holistic Perspective?
Looking at something as a whole
What is Ethnology?
Historical development, similarities and dissimilarities among cultures
What is ethnography?
The scientific description of individual cultures
What is Historical Particularism?
Going out in the field and getting data first hand
What is cultural relativism?
Cultural norms and values derive their meaning withing a specific social context
What is Armchair Anthropology?
Studying from far away, drawing conclusions using notes
What is unlineal evolution?
Savagery, Barbarism and Civilization
What is diffusionism?
The concept that people get their ideas from one cultural center
What is Cultural Ecology?
Cultural variations rely on geography
What is poitical economy?
The study of how native people have been affected by western economies and politics
What is Feminist Anthropology?
Study of women in society and using women to get different points across
What is interpretive anthropology?
What it means to be a person in a culture
Who was Franz Boas?
First anthropologist taught men and women. Made the 4 sub groups, shackles of tradition
Who was James Frazer?
Very Racist, Armchair anthropologist
Who was A.R Radcliffe Brown?
Structural functionalism collective traits maintain the stability of a society
Who was Bronislaw Malinowski?
Off the porch. Psychological functionalism. Culture traits meet the basic derived needs of a person
What is participant observation?
Going into the field
What does an ethnographer do?
Build rapport. Getting a role and overcome stereotypes.
What issues does an ethnographer need to consider when working in "the field"?
People using you. People wanting you there, culture shock. Don't harm the people you are writing about
What did Charles Hockett say about language?
It is Arbitrary, composed of discrete units, uses displacements has productivity and may contain lies.
What is parralanguage and body language?
Everything that goes with spoken language. Pitch Tone and Body Movements
What is Grammar?
All the knowledge shared by those able to speak a language
What is phonology?
The sound patterns of a language
What is morphology?
Rules of forming meanings with units of language
What is syntax?
Refers to how meaning is created through word order in a sentance or phrase
What is linguistic relativity?
The idea that all languages are equal
What is linguistic nationalism?
Trying to keep a language pure (French)
What is code-switching?
change language and dialects depending on the situation
What is Sapir-Worf Hypothesis?
LAnguage influences how we act with one another
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Linguistic Competence-underlying grammatical knowledge of every fluent speaker
Linguistic performance-actual things people say
Who is Dell Hymes?
Communicative Competence-the knowledge required to use a given language in various situations
Speech communities-groups of people that interact with language on a regualr basis
Who was Ferdinand de Saussure?
Led the shift from diachronic to synchronic studies of language in the early 20th century
What is descriptive liguistic?
Describing forms of a language used by a specific speech community
What is Historical Linguistics?
Describing changes in dialects and languages over time
What is sociolinguistics?
Looking at languages social functions political and economic relationships among and between members of a speech community
What is ethnolinguistics?
Analyzing the relationship between culture thought and language
Socio-centric societies?
The good of society over an individual
Ego-centric societies?
Focused on oneself rather than the collective
Structure vs Agency?
The tension between the tenents of culture and individuals ability to act within those constraints.
Structural Violence?
Use during tensions between a culture to show dominance
What is psychological anthropology?
An interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interacion of culture and the mental process
Who was Abraham Kardiner?
Houses create personality structure.
Organization technology and child rearing
All show a relationship between culture and personality
Who is Ruth Benedict?
Human cultures are personalities writ large
Who was Cora DuBois?
Said that certain traits occur most frequently but are not necessarily common to all members of that society
Subjectivity?
We are unique in our cultural world yet are embedded in shared ideas and symbols
Emic?
Insiders understanding
Etic?
Outsiders understanding
Life World?
Made up of the individuals experience of their own cultural world and others.
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Author
hoizi8
ID
67175
Card Set
Cultural Anthro Exam 1
Description
Cultural Anthro Exam 1
Updated
2011-02-18T02:37:05Z
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