micro quiz ch 11 objectives 2,3,4

The three components of DNA are a phsphate, a sugar (the 'deoxyriose' in DNA) and a nucleotide base.

• RNA contains the sugar 'ribose' rather than DNA's 'deoxyribose'
• RNA contains the base 'uracil' instead of the base 'thymine' which pairs with adenine. So the RNA base pairs are uracil wth adenine, and cytosine with guanine.
• RNA is usually found in a single-stranded form instead of a double-stranded form like DNA. (However, RNA can fold on itself and form areas that are double-stranded.)

• The process whereby RNA is made from DNA
• Three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination

Translation is the process by which a cell makes proteins by "reading" the information contained in its RNA

Inductions turns on genes that are turned off

Repression turns off genes that are turned on