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Palmer Grasp Reflex
- Integration 3 monthselicited when pressure is placed in the ulnar side of the palm of an infant's hand.
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Plantar Grasp Reflex
- Integration 12 monthselicited when pressure stimulus is placed at the base of the toes & response is curling toes.
- helps infant hang onto floor in standing
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Extensor Thrust (Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex)
- Integration 3 monthsstimulus for reflex is position of infant's head, or the labryrinths inside the infant's ears, which informs the infant of position in space
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Moro Reflex
- Integration 6 monthsWhen infant's head drops back abruptly, the arms will abduct and legs fingers splay
- useful for alerting a parent of distress or the danger of falling
- precursor to the startle reflex
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Galant Reflex
- Integration 3 monthsSolid object drawn down side of infant's spine from the shoulder to hip, lat. flex. of trunk will occur w/ concavity toward the side of stimulus
- Easily elicited when child held in prone
- Sometimes called trunk incurvation reflex
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Rooting
- Integration 3 monthsWhen infant's cheek touched will turn head to that side and open/puse the lips
- Essential for survival
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Sucking
- Integration 5 monthsWhen nipple, fist, or other object is encountered, the infant will latch on and suck
- Essential for survival
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Gag Reflex
- PersistsStimulated by touching the post half of the tongue or hard palate
- Protective reflex that prevents chocking
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Bite Reflex
- Integration 5 monthsElicited by placing finger between infant's lips and gums
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Babinski Reflex
- Integration 3 monthsWhen lat. sole of infant's foot is stroked from the heel to the little toe big toe will ext. and lat. four toes will spread out
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Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
- Integration 6 monthsInfant is younger than 6 mos old turns the head to the side, the arm and the leg on the scalp side tend to move into flexion, and the arm and the leg on the face side tend to move into ext.
- Trunk may also curve w/ the concave side toward the flexed extremities.
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Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
- Integration 12 monthsWhen head is flexed, the UE's will flex and the LE's will extend
- Helps prepare for quadruped position
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Positive Support Reflex
- Integration 6 monthsWeight placed on the balls of the feet in an upright pos.
- Newborn will stiffen legs into ext.
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Neck Righting
- Integration 6 monthsreplaces (ATNR)
- Passive or active rot. of head to one side is followed by rot. of the shoulders, trunk, and pelvis in the same direction
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Body Righting
- Integration 18-24 monthsPassively rot. upper or lower trunk & body segment not rotated will follow to realign segment
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Labyrinthine Righting
- PersistsEarliest equilibrium responses
- Infant tries to keep head in vert. pos to gravity
- Two mechanisms working to help:
- 1)optical head righting visually
- 2)inner ear balance
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Protective Responses
- PersistsDownward & forward 1st to develop
- Next, child learns to protect from sideways displacement of balance
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Parachute Responses
- PersistsElicited when infant is tipped upside down & the head is pushed toward the ground
- Infant will reach for ground to protect head
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Landau Response
- PersistsHead & lower extremities are exteneded in line w/ or above the plance of the body when a childe is held in a prone suspension, demonstrates many of righting and equilbrium responses
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Prone & Supine Equilibrium Responses
- PersistsWhen an infant is placed on a firm surface in the prone position, and surface is tilted infant will adjust to the tilt by raising the arm and leg on higher side for balance
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Sitting & Quadruped Equilibrium Response
- PersistsOlder infant develops accomodations to equilibrium shifts in sitting and in quadruped, where the trunk and extremities move to accomodate the change in position.
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