if the message leads to more than the recieveing of aliteral message
for examplle- if the message makes you fall in love or hate someone.
symbol
a object or idea whos meaning is more comlicated than it looks
menaings
permit a communicator to go beyond one item to another
can differ based on situation
representation
the facts conveyed when communicating
presentation
your take on the facts
framw
the definition of scenario based on a agreement or social normor previous conversation
for example---when a profesor speaks to a student
look at in book
what a person says can have more meanings than what is literally said
for example this will be on the test= take especilally good notes so that you can study this and do wel on this exam
what are the four types of communication
succesful communication
mis communication
accidental communication
attempted communication
shared assumption
people communication involves sharing viewpoint vocab and meaning or it would not be possible for people to communicate as interacts or transaction
language
formal gramatical structure of language
parde
is how peope actuallt use language
polysemy
words gestures symbols, and whether the conversation is formal or imformal have their meanig alteres based on occasion or circumstance.
cues such as"lets not be so formal " control this
sapir/whorf hypothesis-
verbal distinctions also make visual distinctions.
the words make the world
for example eskimos have several different discriptions of snow that indicate the visualization of many different types of snow.
Denotative meaning
the identification of something by pointing it out
for example if you say cat a perosn thinks of fluffy four legged creature.
conotative meaning
refers to the overtone, implications or additional meaning associated with a word or object.
for example cats are known to be lucky and have 9 lives
although the issue arrises with inside jokes
intentionality
a persons intentions when communicating
god terms
powerful positive terms
like liberty
devil terms
powerful negative terms
for example osama bin ladin
instrumental function of talk
reveals a specific goal that you have in mind for a relationship. only done by talking
for example - be my valentine or go on a date with me
index function of talk
demonstrates or indicates the nature of the relationship between speakers
for example - "come into my office i need to speak to you" indicates that a person has authority over you
conversational hypertext
essential function of talking -
to make relationship real by using phraases like see you later to say that the relationship will last longer than that
immediacy
using names like honey or pal to refer to someon established relationship.
positive face
the need to be seen and acceptes as a worthwild person
negative face
desire not to be treated inferior
lowcode
informal way of speaking
high speak
formal way of speakingq
accomadation:
changing the way you speak to make a relational connetion
convergence -
when you try to speak like the reciver in order to build a relationship
divergence
one speaks unlike the reciever to make a point
burkes pentad
accounts
forms of communicatin that gives justification
decoding
reading other people body communication
encoding
when people read your body mottion
static
nvvc that can not be changed
for example eye color
dynamic
nvc that can be controled
nvc: culture
eye contact is cool in america not anywhere else if the person is in a nother place eye contact is seen as a sign or superiority or disrespect
nvc:personal
hugginh is prefered by some and not by others
nvc: ambiguity
nerver completely sure what a persons nvc is unless its in context
nvc: leakage:
when your nvc shows how you truly feel without you doing it on purpose.
interconventions with verbal communication
how verbal and nvc work to gether:
ex wave and say hello
although is misconstrude when being sarcastic
regulators
non verbal actions that indicate to others how you want them to act
Ex. students closing their books a t the end of class is to indicate to the profesor to shut the fuck up and release class
kendon and ferbers five basic stages of greeting ritual
sighting recognition
distant salutation
lower you head and avert your gaze to prevent staring
close salutation
backing off
nvc transmits emotional info lik
attitude towards someone
atitude towards the situation
ottitude about onesself
proxemics
the study of space and distance in communication between reciever and sender
secondary territory
establishing space thats central to your life that is not your own
public territory
space open to everyone but you available for your accupance
likea park bench
body buffer zone
imaginary aura around a person that is considered to close to them
kinesics movement
movement that takes placce durring a interaction
gestures
signals something that you would saay in words
like the gesture to drink up
posture
position of body durring a convo
eye contact is sign of a trust worth person
VOCALIcs
voice tone are sound how something is said
turn taking
indications to take turn speaking
ex. roger that
chronemic
time location of interaction
includes the amount of time in betweeen truns
haptics -
study of touch in non verbal communication
encoder consist of
afirming
blending consitency
diretoy
emotional clearity
decoder skills consist of
attending
bonding
coordinating
encouragin
denotation
a primary association that a ward has for a given linguistic ammunity
basically the meaning of the word that is widley excepted by all.
conotation
a secondary association that a word has for subsets for a given community
differ with diferent grouops
there is more debate on the interpitation
the ritual model of cimmunication givees alot of pewer to the sender, which is a mojor critism.
by greetin someone you establish therer social identity
communicating establishes a person social identity
avoidance ritual
to do/not do things that can threaten someone eles face
ex. you wouldnt make fun of a handicap person
presentation ritual
something you do to eknowledge and support someones face
ex. say hello
nenegative face
the desire with in us for outonomy and independence--- to do what we want
positive face
the desire to connect with others
the narrative self
we establish who we are to ourselves through
epistomology
relates to how you think about things how you think about the world
outology
self disclosure
revelation of private or personal info that other people wouldnt know unless you told them
has something to do with your relationship with that person
relational dialect
conflict that a couple has to manage over how to resolve aspets of their relationship that are pulling them into two different directionsds
see internal and external dialect
internal dialect
connectedness v.s seperatedness
certanty v.s uncertanty
openess v.s closedness
external ldialect
inclusion v.s seclusion
conventional vs uniqeness
revelation vs concealment
barnets pieres inovation by presentation ofself
we present ourselves in a specific way
ex. you walk in a nd present yourself as tired
autocasting
clearly categorizing yourself as a certain person
invocation by alter casting
asigning a individual to a category
confirmation
confirmation to the categoery you have been asigned to
rejection
your not prepared to interact with the person on the level they want to interact with you
discomfirmation
it produces a response that refue the thought of interaction. a refusal to aknowledge whats being said
ex. did you see the game....i like turtles
one up communication
movement to gain control of a communication exchange
one down communication
yielding control of a conversation
ex. you speak
one across
the back and forward of control of a conversation
ekman principle of six emotions non verbal expression
fear
sadness
suprised
disgusted
anger
happiness
gender adversment
body behavior based on gender
ex. magazine and women
canting posture
teisted up posture that is not ideal for protecting ones self
used by women because they are protrayed as week
speech act theory - people perform actions by speaking that fit in to theese 1 of these 5 categoreies
directive - an attempt to get the spaker to perform some action
assertion- an attempt represent some state of afairs (predicting/informing)
commisive- an attempt to commit the speaker to some future course of action (promising)
expressive - the speaker is expresssing somesort os psychological state(apoligizing)
declarative- an attempt to bring about a change in some institutional state of affairs; create one that did not previously exist. ex. finalizing mariage vows.