After liftoff during an ITO, you should be committed to attitude instrument flying procedures due to
the potential for ______.
Spacial Disorientation
Before retracting gear and flaps, you should have indications of positive rate of climb on the ______.
VSI and ALT
The two DP types are ______.
Departure Procedure Plates/Charts
Obstacle Departure Procedures
______ departures provide heading and altitude to fly until you are capable of maintaining your cleared flight route using on-board navigation systems.
Radar vector
AETC Pilots are only required to read back numbers, what numbers?
Heading, altitude, altimeter settings
Holding fixes may be defined by what?
A NAVAID (VOR/NDB)
using a radial and DME from a NAVAID
a GPS Waypoint
a published intersection
How fast do you transition to instrument references during an instrument takeoff (ITO)? What is the
pitch attitude for an ITO?
At the rate outside references become unreliable.
Rotate to 7-8° nose high at 85 KIAS
The maximum length of an inbound leg of a holding pattern above 14,000 feet MSL is ______.
1.5 min
You are 70 NM from the Palacios VORTAC at FL180 and 240 KTAS. You are instructed to descend
to cross the Palacios VORTAC at 4000 feet MSL. What should your descent gradient be? What is the
resulting VSI if you maintain airspeed (assume no wind)?
Descent gradient = 140/70 = 2º (200 ft/NM)
VSI = 200 X (240/60) = 200 ft/NM X 4 NM/min = 800 fpm descent
At a groundspeed of 4NM per minute and a descent gradient of 3°, what is the VSI rate of descent?
VSI = angle (NM/min X 100)
VSI = 3 X (4 NM/min X 100)
VSI = 3 X 400
VSI = 1200 fpm
Prior to the IAF you should complete a W-HOLDS check. What do the letters in W-HOLDS stand
for?
Weather
Holding clearance
Obtain clearance
Letdown plate review
Descent check
Speed as required
If starting a non-DME teardrop approach from below the published IAF altitude, you must fly
outbound ______ for every ______ feet below the IAF altitude before initiating the descent
15 seconds; 1000
What are the two categories of low altitude instrument approach procedures (IAPs)?
Course reversals, Procedure tracks
What are the two types of low-altitude course reversal approaches?
Procedure turn, Holding in lieu of procedure turn
What are the three common types of low-altitude procedure track approaches?
Straight-In, Arcing , Teardrop
When can you descend to the FAF altitude?
When established on the inbound segment of the approach
When will a procedure turn approach not be flown?
Cleared for Straight in
NoPT
Established in Hold
Radar vectors
Timed approach
Approaching the IAF for a procedure track approach you may use normal turn lead points if your
heading is within ______ of the procedure track course
90o
How is a holding pattern in lieu of a procedure turn depicted on an instrument approach plate?
Plan view: same as a normal holding pattern but with bold black lines
Profile view: outbound and inbound course arrows shown
True or false? When flying a low altitude procedure turn approach you may begin the turn inbound at
any point.
True. However, you must complete turn on maneuvering side and cannot exceed remain within distance.
How are segments of procedure track approaches depicted?
By heavy black lines with arrowheads showing intended aircraft ground track.
You have been cleared the VOR/DME RWY 5 approach at Cochran Airport. How many turns are you expected to complete in holding?
One turn. If additional turns are required to lose excess altitude you must coordinate with ATC first.
When can you descend from the turn completion altitude on a non-DME high altitude, teardrop instrument penetration?
When established on the inbound segment of the approach.
What descent angle and VSI do you need to descend at 210 KTAS from 15,000 feet MSL to 3000 feet MSL in 30 NM (no wind)?
Descent Angle: 120/30 = 4°
VSI: 3.5 NM/min X 400 feet/NM = 1400 fpm
If flying a non-DME teardrop approach with no published turn altitude, initiate the inbound turn when
the aircraft is ______.
halfway between the IAF and FAF altitudes
While being radar vectored to final, attempt contact with the controlling agency if no transmissions are received for approximately _____.
1 min
If IMC conditions are likely to be encountered, when will missed approach instructions for a radar approach normally be issued?
On radar downwind or base leg
If ceiling is less than 500 feet above the MVA and visibility is less than 3 miles, the aircraft will be vectored to intercept the final approach course at least ______ from the FAF at a maximum intercept angle of _____ degrees
3 miles; 30
You are flying an ASR approach and the radar controller is providing recommended altitudes onfinal. These recommended altitudes approximate the ______ glidepath and will cease at the ______.
PAR; minimum descent altitude
How do you know you are at the MAP on an ASR approach?
You will be told by the controller.
You are at DA on a PAR approach when _____.
you reach published DA on the aircraft’s altimeter or the controller states “At Decision Altitude”, whichever occurs first
Typical runway lighting consists of a row of ______ lights on each side of the runway, ______ lights identifying the runway threshold, and ______ lights at the departure end. (D/1/1)
white; green; red
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) are flashing white lights used to ______.
mark the approach end of the runway
Where can you find a detailed diagram of the type of approach lighting identified by this symbol?
FIH
Which runway minimums do you use when flying a circling approach?
Use the circling minimums and MDA for the runway the approach is flown to. DO NOT use minimums for runway of intended landing.
How much obstacle clearance is provided when circling at the published MDA?
300 feet
When flying a circling maneuver, is it permissible to fly at an altitude ABOVE the circling MDA?
Yes
If you are executing climbout instructions and the departure end of the runway is in sight, delay any
turn until ______.
past the departure end of the runway and 400 feet AGL
When executing a missed approach from a circling maneuver begin a _____.
climbing turn in the last known direction of the landing runway until established on the missed approach procedure/climbout instructions as appropriate
You have been cleared the GPS RWY 5 approach at Cochran Airport and instructed to enter holding at VIENNA. What mode must you select for the GPS before entering holding?
OBS mode
When you cross the FAF on a GPS approach, the track line to the MAP on the EHSI will turn
______.
Green
You are flying an ILS approach. You are past the localizer FAF and above the localizer MDA. You go two dots below the ILS glidepath. Do you have to go missed approach?
No, you may descend to the localizer MDA and transition to a localizer-only approach.
If you recapture the glideslope prior to the localizer MDA, you may continue the ILS approach.
Radar controllers provide obstacle clearance using _____.
MVA
On final for a no-gyro ASR, begin using half-standard rate turns _____.
only when directed by the controller
You would get a graphic depiction of the landing environment for a particular airfield _____.
from the airport sketch on an instrument approach plate for that airfield
When can you begin a descent from MDA during a circling maneuver?
When you are in a position to make a normal descent to landing, from base or final depending on the situation
When do you have to go missed approach from the MAP?
Landing environment not in sight
Not in a position to make a safe landing
Directed by the controller
What is an instrument departure?
Any IFR transition from takeoff to enroute structure
Four types:
Departure Procedure (DP)
1) Departure Procedure Plates/Charts
2) Obstacle Departure Procedures
Diverse Departure
1) Airfields with no Published Departure
2) Not authorized at some airfields
Radar Vector
VFR departure/IFR pickup
What is the meaning of a black inverted triangle with a “T” in the center?
IFR takeoff minimums and/or departure procedures are published
Information in front of IAP
Nonstandard mins do not apply to military
Nonstandard departure procedures do apply
When receiving a new in-flight clearance, what items must you read back to the controller?
What is the direction of turn and inbound leg length for a nonstandard holding pattern at 14,000 feet MSL?
Left turns, maximum length of inbound leg is one minute
Standard pattern - right turns
Maximum inbound leg length above 14,000 feet MSL is 1.5 minutes
What are the three types of high altitude approaches?
Teardrop (DME or Non-DME)
Radial
Radial/arc
What airspeed do you maintain when performing a low altitude approach (prior to configuring)?What is the recommended rate of descent during a low altitude approach?
120 – 150 KIAS
500 – 2000 fpm
What is the difference between a procedure turn and a procedure track?
A procedure track requires a specific flight path.(Arc, radials, courses, etc...)
When flying an ILS approach, what action should you take at the glideslope intercept point?
Reduce power to approximately 22% and lower the nose to “line-on-line” on the EADI
You are enroute to a GPS approach that is loaded and selected. At 30 NM, the CDI scale automatically switches to _____.
+/- 1nm
At 2 NM from the FAF, the GPS automatically switches to the _____ when all conditions are
satisfied.
approach active mode
When the GPS transitions to the approach active mode, the CDI scale begins to change from the ±1 NM approach scale to a ______ final approach scale.
± 0.3 NM
When you cross the FAF on a GPS approach, the ______ on the EHSI will ______.
track line; turn green
When flying in the radar environment, attempt contact with the controlling agency if no transmissions are received for ______ while being vectored, ______ on ASR final, and ______ on
PAR final
1 minute; 15 seconds; 5 seconds
When being vectored to an ASR final approach, somewhere in the radar pattern the radar controller will specify ______.
Runway to which approach will be conducted
MDA
Missed approach point
A PAR approach starts when the aircraft is in range of the precision radar and _____.
contact is established with the final controller
Controllers will normally expect an aircraft on no-gyro vectors to use _____ bank turns in the pattern and _____ bank turns on final
standard rate; half-standard rate
On final for a no-gyro ASR, begin using half-standard rate turns _____.
only when directed by the controller
What is the missed approach point for an instrument approach?
The latest point where the decision is made to land
Decision Altitude
MAP identification
1) Fix (DME/NAVAID)
2) Timing
When transitioning to visual references during an actual instrument final approach, a good technique is to start peeking outside ______.
when you get within 100-200 feet above the reported weather ceiling
What are climbout instructions?
Instructions issued by the controller when flying multiple approaches
Constitute an ATC clearance
Supersede published missed approach instructions
You are flying a circling maneuver and lose visual references. In what direction do you make a climbing turn during the missed approach?
Toward the landing runway
When can you descend from the turn completion altitude on a non-DME high altitude, teardrop instrument penetration?
When established on the inbound segment of the approach
When do you begin timing outbound on a procedure turn?
Outbound abeam IAF
Wings-level outbound if you cannot determine abeam
How much bank should you use to make corrections on a radar final approach?
Bank angle equal to the number of degrees to be turned, not to exceed half standard rate
What should you do to safely transition to land from the MDA if you are past the VDP with visual glidepath indicators giving you an above glidepath indication?