Biology 200

Living things are highly ordered. While living and nonliving matter are composed of the same basic matter, the molecules that make up living organisms are organized into complex arrangements called organelles, and organelles are organized into complex arrangements called cells and so on

Every organism has the ability to acquire materials from its environment and manipulate these materials to supply energy for cellular activities and to supply materials for the construction of new biological structures (Greek for to change)

Living things actively maintain their complex structure and their internal environment; homeostasis (same state).

All subatomic particles are made up of quarks

All forms of life use DNA as the repository of hereditary information

All atoms are made of neutrons, protons, electrons

All molecules are made of atoms of varying elements

All organelles are made of numerous different molecules

All cells are made of organelles

All tissues are made of cells

All organs are made up of tissues

All organ systems are made up of organs

All individuals are made up of organ systems

All populations are made up of individuals

All communities are made up of populations

All ecosystems are made up of communities

All biospheres are composed of ecosystems

Each level has properties that emerge that for its own level

Descriptive classification. It is vital because there are so many different "things" that without sorting them into easily defined groups and sub-groups and so on, it would be impossible to study them

the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life

Constructing organic matter

Breaking down organic matter

Very large molecules (e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids)

An atom or small molecule that my bond to other monomers to form a polymer

A large molecule created by many monomers

Fats and oils, energy storage, insulation, protection. Unsaturated (have one or more C=C double bonds) and Saturated (Have no C=C double bonds) fats

Contains the functional groups amine and carboxyl. The building blocks of proteins

The bond that forms between proteins, the amine group of one bonds with the carboxyl group of the other

A long chain of proteins (10 or more)

Molecules that when joined together form DNA and RNA

Sugars, carbohydrates

Separating polymers into individual monomers (digestion)

Bind monomers together to form polymers (condensation, polymerization)

O bonded to an H, causes H bonds as it is both a H+ donor and acceptor

C double bonded to O, creates polar end of a molecule

C bonded to OH and double bonded to O, part of amino acids and fatty acids

N bonded to two Hs, part of amino acids

P bonded to three O one which being double bond and also bonded to OH, part of nucleic acids, ATP, and attached to amino acids

CHO, energy, energy storage, cellular identification

CHO(P), Energy storage, insulation, protection, hormones

CHON(S), movements, enzymatic activities, O₂ transport

CHOPN, genetic material of cells, ATP

The building blocks of proteins, contain amine and carboxyl

A sequence of amino acids for a specific protein

Folding of primary structure forming H bonds at every 4th amino acid

The complex overlapping of the secondary structure (many different bonds)

The combination of 2 or more polypeptide chains to form a single functional protein

• All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.
• New cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
• Cells are the basic building units of life.

The waste factory of a cell, responsible for breaking down waste material

Component of cells that make proteins from amino acids

Membrane-bound organelle that acts as a storage station for various materials from waste to water and even harmful materials