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Adverse Effects of Benzodiazepines
(5) Common
(9) Less Common
(1) Other
(4) Paradoxical Neurological Reactions
(10) Additional
(4) Associated w/ Midazolan (versed)
- Common
- 1. Psychological and physical dependence
- 2. Drowsiness
- 3. Hiccups
- 4. Lassitude (lack of energy)
- 5. Loss of dexterity
- Less Common
- 1. Dry mouth
- 2. Nausea
- 3. Vomiting
- 4. Headache
- 5. Constipation
- 6. Abdominal Cramping
- 7. Unsteadiness
- 8. Dizziness
- 9. Blurred vision
- Other
- 1. Increased behavioral problems (mostly with children; anger decreased ability to concentrate)
- Paradoxical Neurological Reactions
- 1. Insomnia
- 2. Increased excitability
- 3. Hallucinations
- 4. Apprehension
- Additional
- 1. Pruritus
- 2. Skin rash
- 3. Sore throat
- 4. Elevated Temp
- 5. Increased bruising or bleeding episodes
- 6. Mental depression
- 7. Hepatitis
- 8. Confusion
- 9. Mouth or Throat sores
- 10. Muscle weakness
- Associated w/ Midazolan (versed)
- 1. Muscle tremors
- 2. Tachycardia
- 3. Shortness of breath
- 4. Breathing difficulties
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Ambien (Zolpidem)
-Dosage
-Action/Implication
-Side Effects
- 1) Adult dosage = 10 mg @ HS
- Older adult = require a 5 mg initial dose
- Younger than 18 y/o = no dose established
- 2) Action = Binds to only omega₁ receptors used for the short- term treatment of insomnia
- 3) Adverse side effects = ataxia (lack of coordination of muscle movements), depression, hypersensitivity reaction, rash, hypotension, nightmares, anterograde amnesia, drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, headache, tiredness, double vision and diarrhea
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Dalmane (flurazepam or apo-flurazepam)
-Dosage
-Action/Implication
- Side Effects
- 1) Adult Dosage = 15-30 mg PO @ HS
- 2) Action = Use limited to insomnia; typically avoided in older adults because of hang-over effects
- 3) Adverse side effects = excessive "hang-over" effects, similar to other BENZODIAZEPINES
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Ativan (Lorazepam, Apo-lorazepam, Novo-lorazepam)
-Dosage
-Action/Implication
-Side Effects
- 1) Adult Dosage = 0.5-2 mg PO q 6-8 h / 1-4 mg PO @ HS PRN
- 2) Action/Implication = Most commonly used for older adults and those with liver disease. Used for insomnia, Anxiety, Alcohol withdrawal, adjunct to anesthesia, status epiliticus
- 3) Adverse side effects = similar to other BENZODIAZEPINES
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Restoril (temazepam, apo-temazepam, novo-temazepam)
-Dosage
-Action/Implication
-Side Effects
- 1) Adult dosage = 7.5-30 mg PO @ HS
- 2) Action = Used as a sedative-hypnotic. Used typically limited to insomnia. Effective if administered 1-1.5 h before HS
- 3) Adverse side effects = similar to other BENZODIAZEPINES
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