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forced removal of Africans from their native area
African Diasporsa
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This country began as a Spanish colony and gained its freedom in 1898...A certain someone came into power here in 1959
Cuba
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This man in nationalized a certain country's economy and brought ties with the USSR and brought about Cuban missile crisis
Fidel Castro
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When did Haiti gain independence and how?
There was a slave revolt in 1804
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Are most Carribean countries independent today?
Yes
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What is money Leakage?
This is when money flow outside of your boundaries
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Is Latin (South) America have the highest amount of city-dwellers in the developing world?..if so what percentage?
Yes...74%
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What other ethnic presences live in Latin America besides Spanish?
Indian and African
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When did Bolivia elect its first Amerindian president?
2005
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What is the name of one important trade agreement in the Americas?
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
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Relatively large land area and low population density has minimized this in Latin America:
Environmental Degradation
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Which two Latin American countries have conservation movements?
Brazil and Costa Rica
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What are two major environmental problems in Latin America?
Deforestation and loss of Biodiversity
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Though tropical rainforests are 6% of earth's land mass, how much of Earth's species does it hold?
50%
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What are the 2 regions mainly affected by the destruction of tropical rainforests?
Brazil's Atlantic coastal forests and pacific forests of South America
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What are the causes of tropical rainforest deforestation?
- agriculture
- settlement
- ranching
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What is the term for the conversion of tropical rainforest to pasture?
Grassification
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What are some environmental issues that plague the valley of New Mexico?
- Air pollution, smog
- Quantity and quality of water resources
- Squatter Settlements
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State some facts about the Andes Mountain range
- 5000 miles long
- 30 peaks over 20K feet
- Contains valuable metals and minerals
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What is the treelesss elevated plain in Peru and Bolivia called?
Altiplano
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State 2 facts about the uplands of Mexico and Central America
- Most major cities and populations found there
- Rich volcanic soils
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What is the name for the large upland plateaus of exposed crystalline rock?
The Shields
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What is the name for the largest river system in the world by volume, 2nd by length, and draws from 9 countries?
Amazon Basin
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What is the name for South America's 2nd largest river watershed that is economically productive.
Plata Basin
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State 2 facts about the South American climate
- Little variations in temperature
- Large regional variations in precipitation
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What is the name for the Warm Pacific current that usually arrives alongcoastal Ecuador and Peruin December
El Nino
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What does El Nino cause
- Drought
- torrential rain
- flooding
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Where are the high and low populations in South America?
- Low in the interior low lands
- High in Central America and Mexico interior plateaus
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What percent of Latin America is urbanized today?
75%
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What is it called when a country has a primate city 3 to 4 times larger than any other city in the country?
Urban Primacy
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What is makeshift housing on land not legally owned or rented by urban migrants, usually in unoccupied spaces in or near a rapidly growing city, such as in Lima
Squatter Settlements
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How many Latin Americans live in rural areas?
130 million
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What is the term for Long-observed pattern of maintaining large estates?
Latifundia
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What is the term for the pattern associated with peasants farming small plots for their own subsistence?
Minifundia
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What is a name for a popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmers?
Agrarian reform
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What has been declining since the 1980s in Latin America?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
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Why was the European population encouraged to migrate into South America?
To whiten the Mestizo (mixed breed) population.
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What caused most Latino migration?
political turmoil and civil wars
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What caused the disappearance of the many complex civilizations of early Latin America?
- disease
- warfare
- forced labor
- collapse of food production system
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Where are the largest populations of Indians today for South America?
- Mexico
- Guatemala
- Ecuador
- Peru
- Bolivia
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What is the name for loosely defined territory similar to a province or homeland, where Indians have political and resource control
Comarca
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In the Spanish racially caste system, what are the names given for these groups of people?
-European
-Mixed Ancestry
-Indian
-African
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How much of South America speaks Spanish and Portuguese?
-
What is the name for religions that have blended beliefs?
Syncretic Religions
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What is the name for the Southern cone Common Market?
MERCOSUR
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What treaty divided South America between Spain and Portugal in 1493?
Treaty of Tordesillas
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Who started revolutions in the Americas to gain independence?
Elites
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As states gained independence, did border issues diminish?
No they actually grew
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What is the name for the governing bodies that include several states?
Supranatural Organizations
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What is the name for groups that represent areas of people within a state?
Subnational Organizaitons
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What are the names of some South American trade blocks
- LAFTA
- NAFTA
- CACM
- Andean Group
- MERCOSUR
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Which South American country has the highest murder rate in the world?
Columbia
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What are the names of some inndependent armies in South America
- FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia)
- ELN (National Liberation Army)
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What is the name for policies that foster domestic industry by imposing inflated tariffs on all imported goods
Import Substitution
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What is the name for planned industrial centers?
Growth Poles
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What is the Spanish name for Mexican assembly plants that line the U.S. border?
Maquiladoras
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What is Latin America's primary export dependency?
Commodities (coffee, cacao, rubber, etc.)
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This holds that expansion of European capitalism created Latin American condition of underdevelopment (core/periphery)
Dependency Theory
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What Policies do Neoliberalism stress?
- Privatization
- Export Production
- Few restrictions on imports
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What are some benefits of Neoliberlaism
- Increased trade
- More favorable terms of debt repayment
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What is the process called in which a country adopts (in whole or part) the U.S. dollar as its official currency?
Dollarization
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What does Dollarization tend to do?
- Reduce inflation
- reduce trade costs
- eliminate fears of currency devaluation
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What improvements have many South American countries made in the past 30 years
- increase in:
- life expectancy
- Child survival rate
- Educational Attainment
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What percentage of women in South America work outside of the home?
30-40%
-
What equal rights do women have in South America
- vote
- own property
- sign for loans
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Is Latin America the first region fully colonized by Europe?
Si
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