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What group dominated the Abbasid dynasty before the Mongol invasion?
Seljuk Turks
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Where did the Ottoman empire originate from?
Anatolia (present day turkey)
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What accomplishment did Mehmed II achieve in 1453?
Conquered Constantinople
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What were the Jannisaries?
infantry divisions made up of troops, adolescent boys in conquered areas. In charge of firearms.
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What was the vizier?
(wazir in arabic) Was the overall head of the imperial administration, and he often held more real power than the sultan.
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After Constantinople was conquered by the Ottomans what did the sultans set about doing to the city?
Rebuilind,g and further mosques.
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What was the Suleymaniye?
Most spectacular mosque the Sulatans built, built at the behest of the most successful of the sultans, by Suleyman teh magnificent.
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Explain how the language of the empire changed by the 17th century.
It was changed to the Ottoman turkish
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List the internal problems that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire
- -Poorly regulated the central government.
- -local officials obtained revenue and kept for their own purposes.
- -caged anyone who might be a threat to them.
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When did the Ottoman Empire lose its dominance of the seas to the spanish in the 16th century?
1571, During the Battle of the Lepanto.
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Explain how the Ottoman Empire was affected by their loss of monopoly over the indian trade.
- -Merchants and tax collectors weren't trading because trade routes were taken.
- -There was more silver which would set of inlation.
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What were some fo the similarities and differences between the Ottomans and Safavis?
Likes:arose from struggles of Rival Turkic nomadic group. Arose to prominence as the frontier warrior champions of a highly militant strain of Islam.
Differences: Ottomans became champions of Sunni. Safavids espoused the Shi'a
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Where did the Safavid dynasty originate from?
From a family of Sufi mystics and relgious preachers.
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Who were the Red Heads?
Safavid's followers with distinctive headgear. Gaining leadership.
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Explain why the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 was so important to Islamic history?
Battle between the Safavid's and Ottomans. Split the Sunni and Shi'a
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What were the results of the battle at chaldiran?
Sunni religion won (ottomans) Safavid didn't have artillery.
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Under which shah did the Safavid Empire reach its greatest extent?
Shah Abbas I
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Explain the status of the Turkish chiefs under the Safavid shahs.
Gradually changed to a warrior nobility. Shah couldn't bring down.
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What was the official language of the Safavid Empire?
Persian.
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Where did AbbasI place the capital of the Safavid Empire?
Isfahan.
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Compare the economies of the Ottoman and Safavid empires
- Same- had workshops, public projects.
- Diff- Ottoman traded more with jews and christians. Safavids constricted to part Portugal and traded more internally.
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What led to the rapid decline of the Safavid empire?
the practice of confining princes to luxury atmospheres.
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Who was immediate successor of the Safavid Empire in Persia?
Nadir Khan Afshar
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Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
Babur
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describe the accomplishments of Babur
Good miltaryier, taste for finer things, write history of INdia, better conqueror than administrator left bueracracy.
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When Babur dies in 1520 who ascended to the thronw?
His son Humayan
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Summarize the reign of Humayan
fled to persia, returns and restored mughal rule, dies falling down stairs.
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List the achievements of Akbar
Built military systems, encourage intermarriage, debated w/ religious scholars, extended empire, made alliance w/ Hindu princes, made muslims respect cows.
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Explain Akbar's religion Din-i-Ilahi
Blended elements of the many religions he was familiar with. To unite his Hindu and Muslim subjects.
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What did Akbar outlaw in his empire which illustrated how he was advance of his time?
Banned burned wives alive on dead husbands?
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What became of Akbar's religion at his death in 1605?
Rejected by both Hindus and muslims
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Explain the trade between Europe and India by the late 17th century.
Europeans brought products from throughout Asia, to exhange for a vaiety of Indian manufactuers. Cotton.
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What was the state of the Mughal dynasty by the time of Aurangzeb's reign?
Threatened by internal decay and growing dangers from external enemies.
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What problems occured in the empire while Aurangzeb was busy extending the borders?
Peasant uprisings. Trys to put down revolts.
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What impact did Aurangzeb's religious policies have on the empire?
It was for muslims only.
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