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diversity
Differences in human characteristics and composition in an organization.
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work
Effort directed toward accomplishing results.
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work flow analysis
Study of the way work (inputs, activities, and outputs) moves through an organization.
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job
Grouping of tasks, duties, and responsibilities that constitutes the total work assignment for an employee.
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business process reengineering
Measures for improving such activities as product development, customer service, and service delivery.
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job design
Organizing tasks, duties, responsibilities, and other elements into a productive unit of work.
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contingent worker
Someone who is not an employee, but a temporary or part-time worker for a specific period of time and type of work.
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person-job fit
Matching characteristics of people with characteristics of jobs.
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job enlargement
Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed.
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job enrichment
Increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, or evaluating the job.
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job rotation
Process of shifting a person from job to job.
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job sharing
Scheduling arrangement in which two employees perform the work of one full-time job.
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skill variety
Extent to which the work requires several different activities for successful completion.
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task identity
Extent to which the job includes a "whole" identifiable unit of work that is carried out from start to finish and that results in a visible outcome.
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task significance
Impact the job has on other people.
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autonomy
Extent of individual freedom and discretion in the work and its scheduling.
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feedback
The amount of information employees receive about how well or how poorly they have performed.
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special-purpose team
Organizational team formed to address specific problems, improve work processes, and enhance the overall quality of products and services.
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self-directed team
Organizational team composed of individuals who are assigned a cluster of tasks, duties, and responsibilities to be accomplished.
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virtual team
Organizational team composed of individuals who are separated geographically but linked by communications technology.
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telework
Employees work with technology via electronic, telecommunications, and Internet means.
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compressed workweek
A workweek in which a full week's work is accomplished in fewer than five 8-hour days.
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flextime
Scheduling arrangement in which employees work a set number of hours a day but vary starting and ending time.
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job analysis
Systemic way of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and human requirements of jobs.
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task
Distinct, identifiable work activity composed of motions.
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duty
Work segment composed of several tasks that are performed by an individual.
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responsibilities
Obligations to perform certain tasks and duties.
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competencies
Individual capabilities that can be linked to enhanced performance by individuals or teams.
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marginal job functions
Duties that are part of a job but are incidental or ancillary to the purpose and nature of the job.
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job description
Identification of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job.
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job specifications
The knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) an individual needs to perform a job satisfactorily.
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performance standards
Indicators of what the job accomplishes and how performance is measured in key areas of the job description.
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