terminology

• *Natural sunlight in the enviroment(UVB) 7-8 mins.
• *Released by the lipid cells into the blood stream, then converted by the liver into a active form for the human body.
• *The key to absorption of calcium in the body.

• *A key building block for your bones(matrix).
• *Helps in Nerve and Muscle function.

• *Framework of body.
• *Supports and protects internal organs.
• *Ca storage and supply.
• *Red Bone Marrow important function of blood cells is located in spongy bone.
• *Stem Cells......

The protection of sunlight of the skin.

• *Weight-barring to oxygenerate bones.(brisk walking yoga, ect).
• *Assist with bone density(strong bones).

• *Formed of Connective Tissue(2nd strongest)(1st strongest is enamel).
• -can regenerate it self(fx).
• -6-8 weeks to heal depending on the type of patient, Fx and bone affected.
• *Compact bone(bone density) peak bone mass is at age 30 yrs.
• -hemopoetic(forms blood cells).
• *Spongy bone(red bone marrow).
• -living structure(organ).

• *Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue(2nd hardest).
• *Acts as a shock absorber between the bones(shoulder, elbow,wrist).
• *Meniscus is curved fibrous cartilage found in the knee and jaw.

shaft of a long bone(femur).

wide end of a long bone(humerus).

end of the bone located closest to the midline.

end of the bone located furthest away from the midline.

little boney bump begining to end.

• location: red bone marrow.
• Lighter and less strong then compact bone.

• fat storage, composed of fat cells.
• located in Medullary Cavity.

• *Ball and socket joints(hip and shoulders).
• -ROM is greater.
• *Hinge joints(knee, elbow).
• -ROM is limited.

• Suture-immovable joint allows for growth(25yrs).
• Fontanelles- newborn soft spot of head or brain(1st yr of growth).

child matures the sutures (no movement)close together and the fontanelles(flexable) harden.

• lipo
• mono
• basil
• neotrophilies

• 1st 7 pairs are true ribs(14).
• 2nd 3 pairs are false ribs(6).
• final 2 pairs are floating ribs(4).
• attached to sternum.

• average adult 1/3 of height (19in)(48cm).
• largest and sttrongest bone of body.
• capable of supporting multiple times a person's body weight.

• a opening in a bone through which blood vessels,nerves, ligaments pass(plural, foramina).
• example the spinal cord passes thru foramen magnum of the occipital bone.

shorter bone of the forarm(located on the thumb side).

• humerus (bone of upper arm).
• radius(short bone of forarm, thumb side).
• ulna (longer bone of the forarm articulates with the humerus to form the elbow joint; fifth digit side).

• smallest bones.
• six tiny bones in middle ear.

forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium(C).

• mandible(F).
• maxilla(F).
• zygomatic(F).
• nasal bone(F).
• frontal bone(C).
• sphenoid bone(C).
• temporal(C).
• occipital bone(C).
• lacrimal bone(F).
• ethmoid bone(C).
• parietal bone(C).

• supports head and protects spinal cord.
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves(cervical to sacrum).
• 26 vertebrae(c7,T12,L5,S1,c1).

• midback region
• forms the outward curve of the spine.
• kyphosis is common inthis region of the spine.

• an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
• Kyph means hump.
• -osis means abnormal condition.(humpback,dowager's hump).

• the surgical repair of damaged cartilage
• chondr/o: cartilage
• -plasty:surgical repair.

• L1-L5 make up the third set of five vertebrae
• forms the inward curve of spine.
• largest and strongest of vertebrae.
• common site for back injury or pain.
• obesity, pregnancy, osteoporosis,MVA, poor ergonomics, and sports related injuries.

• three small bones found in middle ear.
• transmits sound wave from eardrum to inner ear by vibration.
• Shapes:
• Malleus: hammer.
• Incus: anvil.
• Stapes: stirrup

• is a inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
• bacterial infection originates from another part of body and spreads to bone through blood.
• oste/o: means bone.
• myel: bone marrow.
• -itis: inflammation.

axis(c2) mobility, rotation.

• shoulder blade.
• plural: scapulae.

• aka funny bone, is a large projection on the upper end of the ulna.
• point of elbow exposes a nerve that tingles when struck.

• aka ribs.
• 12 pairs
• attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae.
• cost: ribs
• -al: pertaining to.

• aka heel bone.
• the largest tarsal bones.

the ankle bone and articulates with the tibia/fibula.

the rounded bony protrusion on each side of the ankle.

• Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
• -march 27, 1845 - feb 10, 1923.
• -father of diagnostic radiology: medical speciality which uses imaging to diagnose disease.
• -discoverd the X Ray in November 8, 1895

• Femur
• Arthritis
• calcium
• clavicle
• epiphysis
• kyphosis
• synovial
• zygomatic

treatment and medications for rheumatoid arthritis.

• secretes synovial fluid.
• synovial fluid lubricates the joints for movement.
• bursa cushions to minimize friction in shoulders, elbows, and knees.

• body( anterior portion).
• lamina(posterior portion).
• vertebral foramen(spinal cord passes thru opening).

• inflammation of one or two joints.
• (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis: synovial membranes become inflamed.
• RA more common in women then men, occurs between ages 40-60.

• joint pain and damage.(12 months)
• joint swelling.
• tendor joints.
• red and puffy hands.
• effects small joints first(wrist, hands, ankles, feet)

• immune system attacts the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints.
• imflammtion thickens the synovium, invade and destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint.

• weakens bones, increase risk of fractions.
• most common bone disease.
• spinal compression go undiagnosed, patients think its back pain or arthritis