Theory II

presence of bacteria in blood

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) complex found in the cell wall of many gram-negative microorganisms; contained superficially within periodontally involved cementum

anatomic area between the roots of a multi-rooted tooth

pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation

area on tooth where instrumentation is confined; area where calculus and altered cementum are located and treatment is required

dental biofilm removal and control and subgingival scaling, root planing, and adjunctive treatments such as the use of chemotherapy; the basic objectives are to restore periodontal health; arrest or slow the progression of earyl disease, to prepare the tissues for more complex periodontal therapy

a definitive procedure designed to remove altered cementum or surface dentin that is rough, impregnated with calculus, or contaminated with toxins or microorganisms.

instrumentation of the crown or root surfaces to remove biofilm and calculus

agitation in the fluids surrounding a rapidly vibrating ultrasonic tip; has potential to disrupt the bacterial matrix

action created by the formation and collapse of bubbles in the water by high-frequency sound waves surrounding an ultrasonic tip

type of rod with unusually high magnetic permeability used in magnetostrictive ultrasonic unit inserts

a unit of energy equal to 1000 cycels per second

the therapeutic washing of the pocket and root surface to remove endotoxins and loose debris

space occupied by magnetic lines of force

ultrasonic scaling device that generates a magnetic field and produces tip vibrations by the exapansion and contraction of a metal stack or rod

ultrasonic scaling device activated by dimensional changes in crystals household in the handpiece

type of mechanical power-driven scaler that functions from energy delivered by a vibrating working tip in the frequency of 2500 to 7000 cycles per second; driven by compressed air, the handpiece connects directly to a conventional rotary handpiece tubing

magnetostrictive inserts made of flat metal strips stacked, or sandwiched, together; metal in stack acts like an antenna to pick up magnetic field and cause vibration

a device that converts energy or power from one form to another

power-driven scaling instrument that operates in a frequency range between 25,000 to 50,000 cycles per second to convert a high-frequency electrical current into mechanical vibrations