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aqueous
dissolved in water (salt disolved in water)
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chemical reaction
written when a chemical change occurs
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physcial properties
- density
- melting point
- physical state
- solubility
- color(but color is NOT a physcial change)
- taste
- odor
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chemical change
form a new substance
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chemical change indicated by
- color change
- bubbles forming
- formation of precipitate (solid)
- change in energy
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physical change
- does not form a new substance
- is a change in state (such as size, shape, and density)
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energy
ability to do work
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kinetic energy
energy of motion
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potential energy
energy that is stored up
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law of conservation of energy
- energy cannot be created or destroyed
- energy lost = energy gained
- energy can be transformed form one form to another
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activation energy
energy to get the reaction to begin
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law of conservation of matter
- matter cannot be created or destroyed
- mass reactants= mass products
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specific heat
- how much energy required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 C.
- water has a higher specific heat than Fe
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Exothermic Reaction
energy products < energy of reactants
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Endothermic Reaction
energy is needed to begin reaction
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specific heat of metals
low
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specific heat of insulators
high.
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specific heat of water
higher than s.h. of metal
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what is the difference between a physical and chemical change
a new substance is allways formed during a chemical change, but never during a physical change.
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ionic compound
- neutral
- between metal and non-metal
- involves TRANSFER or electrons form metal and non metal
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Non-metals
gain electrons
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covalant compound
- between non metals only
- involves SHARING of electrons
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metals with only one type of cation
- group 1 and 2 metals
- aluminum
- zinc, cadium, silver
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non-metals
- form anions (-) cations
- ending change when dealing with anions "-ed"
- anions form only one type of ion unlike metals
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naming ioinc compounds
- metals that form only one type of cation- don't write #
- metals that can form more than one type of cation- include #
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covalant compunds
between two or moe non-metals share electrons
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acids
- contain hydrogen plus non metals
- having +1 charge or produce H+ in solution
- in water (aq)
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Binary acids
contains H+ and one nonmetal
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oxyacids
contain H+, non-metal, and oxygen
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Rules of naming covalemt compounds
- 1st element written, if there is more than one, write prefix
- 1st element written, dont change the name
- 2nd element-write "ide" at end
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